500 HARVARD UNIVERSITY ated at Harvard must prove that the course pursued by them is equivalent to the require- ments for the bachelor's degree in this uni- versity, or must pass such additional exami- nations as the faculty may prescribe. To be- come a master of arts, the candidate, after ta- king the bachelor's degree, is required to pursue for at least one year at the university an ap- proved course of study, and to pass an exami- nation on that course. This degree is also conferred upon graduates of the law or divinity school of Harvard university who are at the same time bachelors of arts, and who pass an examination in a course of study in law or the- ology after pursuing that course one year at the university. A university residence of at least two years is required of the candidate for the degree of doctor of science, who, besides being a bachelor of science, must also have pursued during three years an approved course of scientific study embracing at least two sub- jects, and must sustain an examination in those studies. Only a two years' course, however, is required of students who are both bachelors of arts and bachelors of science of Harvard university. The degree of doctor of philosophy is conferred upon those who, after taking the degree of A. B., pursue at the university for two years an approved course of liberal study in any of the following departments : philolo- gy, philosophy, history, political science, math- ematics, physics, and natural history. Can- didates are further required to pass a thorough examination on that course and present a satis- factory thesis. The fee for the examination for the degree of master of arts is $30, and for that of doctor of philosophy or doctor of sci- ence, $60. All the elective courses of study in Harvard college are open to graduates of other colleges on payment of the fees. For male students, and for candidates for the ad- vanced degrees, the fees range from $50 a year for three hours of instruction a week, to $120 for six hours. For the encouragement of a more thorough scholarship than is acquired by undergraduates, six fellowships for graduates have been established, each of which has an income large enough to support a student. Four of them are so far free from restrictions that students while holding them may pursue their studies either in this country or in Eu- rope. No distinction is made as to color or age in the admissions to Harvard college, but women are excluded. A system of examina- tions for women has however been adopted, the first of which was held in June, 1874. A general or preliminary examination in Eng- lish, French, physical geography, botany or physics, mathematics, history, and German, Latin, or Greek, is held for those not less than 17 years old. The advanced examination is for women not less than 18 years old who have passed the preliminary examination. It comprises five departments, languages, natural science, mathematics, history, and philosophy, in one or more of which the candidate may present herself. The function of the university is limited to preparing the examination papers, examining the work of the candidates, record- ing its results, and giving certificates to those who pass. The examinations may be held in any city or town. The preliminary examina- tion continues during seven days. A fee of $15 for the preliminary and $10 for the ad- vanced examination is required. The various libraries of the university contain 200,000 vol- umes, distributed as follows: college, 136,000; botanical garden, 4,000 ; divinity school, 16,- 000 ; law school, 15,000 ; Lawrence scientific school, 3,000 ; medical college, 2,000 ; museum of comparative zoology, 5,000 ; observatory, 3,000; society libraries of students, 16,000. The university has no funded property from the public treasury, but has always depended upon the revenues from students and the gifts of individuals, which have far surpassed in number and magnitude those made to any other American institution of learning. No value is reported for the lands and buildings used for college purposes, and the various col- lections, libraries, apparatus, works of art, &c. The total investments of the college in 1873 were stated by the treasurer at $2,765,110, of which $1,854,372 was productive and yield- ed an annual income of $133,676. ^ The total number of officers of instruction in the uni- versity in 1873-'4, exclusive of librarians, proctors, &c., was 110, including 50 professors, 25 assistant professors, 12 lecturers, 5 tutors, 11 instructors, and 12 assistants. In the col- lege proper there were 18 professors, 15 as- sistant professors, 5 tutors, 4 instructors, and 8 assistants. The whole number of students was 1,174, including 35 candidates for higher degrees and 10 resident graduates. Of the 706 undergraduates, 217 were in the freshman, 170 in the sophomore, 155 in the junior, and 164 in the senior class. The following statement indicates the number of instructors and pupils in the different departments of the university, the same instructors in some instances being counted in two departments : DEPARTMENTS. j li Other instructors. Total of instructors. i Academic department 18 15 17 50 706 8 ?, 7 19, 8 5 4 4 13 81 Divinity school R 1 6 22 Lawrence scientific school Law school 10 I 4 1 8 2 22 6 42 188 Medical school Museum of comparative zoology. . School of mining 10 '9 5 'i 18 28 12 10 175 The total number of instructors in all depart- ments has increased from 45 in 1865-'6 to 110 in 1873-'4, the number of students from 936 to 1,174, and the number of volumes in the libra- ries from 165,000 to 200,000. In the college proper during that period the number of in- structors has increased from 22 to 50, the
