HAWKESWORTH HAWKINS 531 Oct. 14, 1781. He entered the navy at a very early age, and in 1734 had risen to the com- mand of a vessel. Ten years later he was pres- ent at the naval battle of Toulon between the English fleet and the combined French and Spanish fleets, on which occasion his ship, the Berwick, broke from the line of battle, and captured the Spanish ship Padre, of superior force. But as this act of heroism involved a disobedience of Orders, Capt. Hawke was tried and dismissed from the service, to which he was immediately restored by George II., who thenceforth called him his own admiral. In 1747 he was made rear admiral of the white, and on Oct. 14 of the same year gained a com- plete victory over a French squadron off Belle- isle on the coast of France. In 1756 he super- seded Admiral Byng in the Mediterranean, and subsequently was employed in blockading the French ports in the bay of Biscay. In April, 1758, he drove a French armament destined for America on shore in the Basque roads. In November, 1759, he attacked the French fleet under Conflans in Quiberon bay in the midst of a storm, and, after a memorable and ex- tremely perilous action, the ships being closely engaged among the breakers on the coast, de- stroyed or captured several of the enemy's vessels, thus preventing the projected invasion of England. For these services he received the thanks of parliament and a pension of 2,000. In 1765 he was appointed vice admi- ral of England and first lord of the admiral- ty, and in 1776 was created Baron Hawke of Towton in Yorkshire. HAWKESWORTH, John, an English author, born in London in 1715 or 1719, died Nov. 17, 1773. He was apprenticed to a clockmaker, and afterward seems to have passed some time in an attorney's office. In 1744 he succeeded Dr. Johnson as compiler of parliamentary de- bates for the " Gentleman's Magazine." In 1752 he began, in concert with Johnson and Thornton, a series of papers called the " Ad- venturer," on the plan of the "Rambler." This periodical was published twice a week, and ran through 140 numbers, of which 70 were by Hawkesworth. They were very suc- cessful, and procured him from the archbishop of Canterbury the Lambeth degree of LL. D. In 1765 he published an edition of the works of Swift, with a memoir. He was critic in the "Gentleman's Magazine " from 1765 to 1772, when he was selected to prepare for publica- tion, at the cost of the government, an account of Cook's voyage to the South sea, for which he received 6,000. The work appeared in 1773, in 3 vols. 4to, illustrated with maps and cuts, and comprised, besides a digest of Cook's papers, a narrative of the previous voyages of Byron, Wallis, and Carteret. He wrote " Zim- ri," an oratorio (1760); "Edgar and Emme- line," a fairy drama (1761); " Aim or an and Hamet," an eastern tale (1761) ; and a transla- tion of Fenelon's TeUmaque (1768). HAWKING, See FALCONRY. HAWKINS, a N. E. county of Tennessee, bor- dering on Virginia, drained by Holston river, here navigable by steamboats ; area, 710 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 15,837, of whom 1,889 were colored. It is traversed by Clinch mountain and other high ridges. Limestone is abundant, and the valleys are fertile. The East Tennes- see, Virginia, and Georgia railroad skirts the S. W. border, and a branch terminates at the county seat. The chief productions in 1870 were 138,968 bushels of wheat, 466,470 of In- dian corn, 112,306 of oats, 26,124 Ibs. of wool, 117,468 of butter, and 3,354 tons of hay. There were 3,192 horses, 3,705 milch cows, 1,298 working oxen, 4,793 other cattle, 16,567 sheep, and 21,700 swine; 2 flour mills, and 2 saw mills. Capital, Rogersville. HAWKINS, Benjamin Waterhonse, an English artist, born in London, Feb. 8, 1807. He graduated at St. Aloysius college, and after- ward studied sculpture under W. Behnes. From 1842 to 1847 he lived at Knowsley, the seat of Lord Derby, engaged in making studies from living animals. He was assistant super- intendent of the world's fair in London in 1851. From 1852 to 1855 he was occupied in constructing 33 life-size models of extinct ani- mals for the crystal palace park, many of them colossal. He has lectured in the principal cities of England, Scotland, and America, on geology and zoology, illustrating his lectures by his drawings, and since 1868 has resided in the United States. He has published "Popu- lar Comparative Anatomy " (London, 1840) ; "Elements of Form" (1842); "A Compara- tive View of the Human and Animal Frame" (1860) ; and, in conjunction with Prof. Huxley, " An Elementary Atlas of Comparative Oste- ology " (1864), and " Artistic Anatomy of the Horse, Cattle, and Sheep, for Art Students." HAWKINS, Sir John, an English navigator, born in Plymouth about 1520, died in the West Indies, Nov. 21, 1595. In his youth he made several voyages to Spain, Portugal, and the Canary islands, and was engaged for some years in the slave trade. The first adventure from England in this traffic was made by Haw- kins in 1562, when he sailed with a small squadron for the coast of Guinea. There he ob- tained 300 blacks, whom he sold advantageous- ly in Hispaniola (Hayti), and with the profits of this sale was enabled to fit out a second and larger enterprise for the same purpose in 1564. In the following year Queen Elizabeth granted him permission to wear as his crest "a demi Moor in his proper color, bound and captive." He made a third voyage in 1567, for which he received assistance from the queen, and with 500 negroes sailed from Guinea to Spanish America. All trade between the Spanish set- tlements and foreigners having been prohibited, he found himself unable to dispose of his cargo, and, indignant at the refusal of the governor of Rio de la Hacha to trade with him, he took possession of the town. He then sailed to Car- tagena and sold his slaves, but soon after leav-
