HEN HAWK Einleitung ins Alte Testament (3 vols., 1831- '9) ; Die Bucher Mosis und Aegypten (1841 ; English translation by R. D. 0. Bobbins, An- dover, 1843) ; Die wichtigsten und schwierig- sten Abschnitte des Pentateuchs (1842); Com- mentar uber die Offenbarung des Jieiligen Jo- hannes (2 vols., 1850-'51 ; 2ded., 1861-'3) ; Das Etangelium des Jieiligen Johannes erlautert (1862-'3 ; 2d ed., 1867) ; Das Hohelied Salo- monis ausgelegt (1853) ; Die Weissagungen des Propheten Ezechiel (2 vols., 1867-'8); Ge- schichte des JSeiches Gottes unter dem alten Bunde (2 vols., 1869-70) ; and Das Buck Hiob erlautert (1870). HEN HAWK. See HAEEIEB. HENLE, Friedrich Gnstav Jakob, or Julins, a German physiologist, born in Fiirth, Bavaria, July 9, 1809. He studied medicine at Heidel- berg and at Bonn, receiving his degree of doc- tor in the latter place in 1832, and went to Ber- lin, where he was appointed assistant at the anatomical museum. In 1834 he became pro- sector to the medical faculty of the univer- sity, but having been convicted of affiliating with the secret societies of the students called the Burschenschaften, he was imprisoned, and, though soon pardoned and released, was not able till 1837 to establish himself in the univer- sity as a private tutor. For three years he gave instructions in pathology and in microscopic anatomy, the latter a branch of science which he was the first to develop ; and in 1840 he accepted the professorship of anatomy and later of physiology in the university of Zurich. Pre- vious to this he had been a contributor to the Annual Reports" of Oanstatt, and had pub- lished Ueber Schleim- und Eiterbildung (Ber- lin, 1838) ; VergleicTiende Anatomie des Kehl- Jcopfes (Leipsic, 1839), describing the develop- ment of the larynx in animals, from man down to the lowest types of creation ; and Patholo- gische Unter suchung en (Berlin, 1840), a series of observations on the nervous system, the peri- odical nature of certain maladies, miasma, &c. While at Zurich he aided Pfeufer in establish- ing the Journal de medecine rationelle. Be- tween 1844 and 1852 he filled the chair of anat- omy, physiology, pathology, and anthropology at Heidelberg. Within this period appeared his most important work, Handbuch der ra- tionellen Pathologie. In 1852 he became pro- fessor of anatomy and director of the anatomi- cal institute at Gottingen. His employment of the achromatic microscope for anatomical purposes opened a wide and interesting field of observation to scientific men. Among his remaining works are Handbuch der allgemeinen Anatomie (Berlin, 1841), and Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen (3 vols., Brunswick, 1855-'64, and 1868). HENLEY, John, an English clergyman, better known as " Orator Henley," born at Melton Mowbray, Aug. 3, 1692, died Oct. 4, 1756. He entered St. John's college, Cambridge, at the age of 17, and while an undergraduate ad- dressed to the " Spectator" two letters which HENNA 637 were published in numbers 396 and 518. Hav- ing taken orders, he was made assistant curate of the parish of Melton. Soon afterward he was chosen assistant preacher at Ormond street and Bloomsbury chapels, London. In 1723 he obtained the living of Chelmondiston, Suffolk, with the privilege of non-residence; but re- ports having been spread damaging to his repu- tation, the bishop ordered him to remove to his parish, whereupon he resigned the living. He now rented a building in Newport market, and fitted it up as a place of worship. " The Oratory," as he called it, was opened hi 1726, and for about 30 years he lectured twice a week to large audiences, mainly of the lowest classes of the people. All except those who rented seats were charged a shilling for admittance. He endeavored to found a new sect to be called Henleyarians, and drew up a form of prayer under the title of the "Primitive Liturgy," discarding the Nicene and Athanasian creeds. He also conceived the idea of connecting with his system an enlarged course of liberal educa- tion. For some time he edited a weekly jour- nal of nonsense called the " Hyp-Doctor," de- signed to ridicule the arguments of the " Crafts- man," for which he received from Sir Kobert Walpole 100 a year. When this gratuity was withdrawn, he became so violent an opponent of government that in 1746 some adherents of the ministry broke up one of his Sunday even- ing meetings and caused him to be arrested, but he was soon set at liberty. He used to put forth the most preposterous announcements. On one occasion he advertised to teach shoe- makers a short way of making shoes, which was by cutting off the tops of ready-made boots. He interlarded his orations with satire, invec- tive, and buffoonery, and accompanied them with all the extravagances of a theatrical de- livery. Pope apostrophized him in the " Dun- ciad." Yet Henley was a man of learning and a diligent student. He wrote a poem entitled " Esther," which is said to contain fine pas- sages; a "Compleat Linguist, or a Universal Grammar of all the Considerable Tongues in Sweden;" a number of pamphlets, various controversial pieces, and the " Oratory Trans- actions " published in numbers. HENLOPEN, ape. See CAPE HENLOPEN. HENNA, the East Indian name for a shrub of the genus Lawsonia (Willdenow), belonging to the natural order lythracece, found in Asia and Africa. The genus consists of but a single species, L. alba, which, being variable, has re- ceived other names. It is 8 or 10 ft. high, and bears abundantly corymbose, white, and very fragrant flowers ; the leaves are ^ smooth, op- posite, oval, and lanceolate. It is cultivated in India, Egypt, and other eastern countries, where it has been in use as a cosmetic from very early times, the yellow color on the nails of some of the Egyptian mummies being sup- posed to be derived from henna. It is used by the women to color their finger and toe nails, the tips of their fingers, the palms of the
