HENNINGSEN Sparks, in the " Library of American Biogra- phy.") His third work, published at Utrecht in 1698, Nouveau voyage dans un pays plus grand que VEurope, was a compilation de- scribing La Salle's voyage to the mouth of the Mississippi. Of these three works at least 24 editions appeared in various languages. He endeavored to return to Canada in 1699, but Louis XIV. ordered his arrest if he arrived there. He is said to have been at Rome in 1701, seeking to establish a mission on the Mississippi. HENNINGSEN, Charles Frederick, an English soldier and author, of Scandinavian extraction, born in 1815. In 1834 he left England to en- ter the service of Don Carlos in Spain, was a captain in the body guard of Zumalacarregui, and afterward was made a colonel. Being taken a prisoner, he was liberated on parole. He then entered the Russian army, and served in Circassia. Returning to England, he wrote " Revelations of Russia," which was translated into French (3 vols., Paris, 1845). He after- ward took part, on the national side, in the Hungarian war of 1848-'9. After its termi- nation he visited Kossuth at Kutaieh in Asia Minor, and followed him to the United States. In 1856 he joined Walker's force of filibusters in Nicaragua. During the civil war he served in the confederate army, with the rank of brigadier general. Subsequently he resided in Washington, and became interested in the cause of Cuba. His principal writings are : " Twelve Months' Campaign with Zumalacar- regui" (Philadelphia, 1836); "The Past and Future of Hungary " (Cincinnati, 1852) ; " The White Slave," a novel; "Eastern Europe;" "Sixty Years Hence," a novel of Russian life; and "Analogies and Contrasts." HENRICO, a S. E. county of Virginia, bounded S.W. by James river, and N. E. by the Chicka- hominy ; area, 291 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 66,179, of whom 31,031 were colored. The surface is diversified with hills of no great height ; bitu- minous coal abounds in the W. part, but most of the soil is light and poor. The James river and Kanawha canal has its E. terminus in this county, and five railroads, viz., the Chesapeake and Ohio, the Richmond, Danville, and Pied- mont, the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac, the Richmond and Petersburg, and the Richmond and York River, radiate from Richmond. The chief productions in 1870 were 81,502 bushels of wheat, 127,166 of Indian corn, 89,601 of oats, 37,634 of Irish potatoes, 10,228 of sweet potatoes, and 2,112 tons of hay. The value of live stock on farms was $216,497. The principal manufactories were 5 of agricul- tural implements, 8. of tobacco boxes, 16 of bread, &o., 13 of carriages, 4 of cars, 81 of clothing, 27 of furniture, 1 of gas, 10 of iron, 10 of saddlery and harness, 20 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 38 of tobacco and snuff, 1 9 of cigars, 9 printing establishments, 3 flour mills, 1 distillery, 2 breweries, and 2 saw mills. Capital, Richmond, also the capital of the state. 401 VOL. vni. 41 HENRIETTA MARIA 639 HENRIETTA ANNA, duchess of Orleans, daugh- ter of Charles I. of England and Queen Hen- rietta Maria, born in Exeter, June 16, 1644, died at St. Cloud, June 29, 1670. She was carried to France while an infant and reared by her mother in a convent at Chaillot. As she grew up she did not please the young king, Louis XIV., her cousin, and was consequently regarded with indifference by the rest of tfetu court. But when her brother Charles II. was restored to the throne of England, a marriage was arranged between her and the French king's only brother, Philip, duke of Orleans. She re- turned to France from England, whither she had accompanied her mother, and where she first displayed those powers of fascination for which she became celebrated. Her marriage took place on March 31, 1661, at the Palais Royal, and she at once became the delight of the French court. But the charms of madame, as she was called, produced no impression on her husband, and his coolness was changed into aversion after the attentions of the count de Guiche and of the king himself had become so marked as to attract notice. In 1670 the king induced her to visit her brother's court, and through her influence England was detached from the alliance with Holland and Sweden which had been formed in opposition to the in- terests of France. Shortly after her return she died suddenly in great suffering and in the be- lief that she had been poisoned. The discourse which Bossuet pronounced at her funeral was considered one of the noblest specimens of his eloquence. Her memoirs were written by Madame de La Fayette. HENRIETTA MARIA, queen of England, born in Paris, Nov. 25, 1609, died at Colombes, near that city, Sept. 10, 1669. She was the youngest child of Henry IV. of France by his second wife, Maria de' Medici, and on March 30, 1625, was married at Paris by proxy to Charles I., king of England, a few days after his accession to the throne. She soon secured the affection of her husband and acquired great influence over him, but became obnoxious to the English nation by her undisguised partiality for the Catholic faith. She was charged by the king's opponents with being the adviser of his arbi- trary policy and the enemy of English liberties. Her unpopularity was increased by her partici- pation in the strife between Charles and the parliament. In 1642 she went to Holland, and procured money and troops, which she under- took to bring to England. Notwithstanding a violent storm, which drove her fleet toward the continent, she landed her forces at Brid- lington, and joined her husband at Oxford. In 1644, a few days after being delivered of Hen- rietta Anna, her last child, at Exeter, she nar- rowly escaped being taken prisoner by Essex, and went to Falmouth, whence she sailed to France on board a Dutch ship. During her resi- dence in France she suffered from the effects of the hardships she had undergone, and although granted a pension by the French government
