678 HERBERT HERCULANEUM Complete Manual;" "The Horse and Horse- manship of the United States and British Provinces of North America" (2 vols. 4to, 1857) ; and " American Game." Mr. Herbert also edited various works, and was a versatile contributor to literary magazines and journals. As a writer on field sports he was the first in America to give prominence to a department of literature which has of late years become both copious and popular. HERBERT, John Rogers, an English painter, born in Maldon, Essex, Jan. 23, 1810. Hebe- came a student in the royal academy while a boy, and before the age of 24 had acquired considerable reputation. About 1839 he be- came a convert to the Roman Catholic church. He was employed on the decoration of the new houses of parliament, and among his frescoes there are nine subjects taken from the Old Testament in illustration of justice on earth and its development in law and judgment. Since the death of his son in 1856, a young painter of great promise, his subjects have been almost entirely religious. He was elected associate of the royal academy in 1841 and academician in 1846. HERBERT, Sir Thomas, an English traveller, born in York about 1606, died there in 1682. He studied at Oxford and Cambridge, and in 1626 accompanied Sir Dodmore Cotton on his embassy to Persia. He returned to England at the end of four years, after having visited Persia, northern Africa, and the East Indies, and in 1634 published "Some Yeares Travels into Africa and the Great Asia, especially the Territories of the Persian Monarchy." In the civil war Herbert took the side of the parlia- ment, was one of the commissioners of Hali- fax, and was sent by parliament among the deputies to Newcastle to receive the king from the Scotch. Charles was so won by his kind and courteous behavior that, though he was a Presbyterian, he retain- ed him to the last, after his other attendants had been dismissed. Her- bert, for his services to the king, was rewarded by Charles II. with the title of baronet. To- gether with some oth- ers, he wrote the Thre- nodia Carolina, an ac- count of the last two years of the life of Charles I. (1678 and 1813). HERBERT, William, third earl of Pembroke, an English poet, born at Wilton, Wiltshire, April 8, 1580, died in London, April 10, 1630. He was chancellor of the university of Oxford, a knight of the garter, for some time governor of Portsmouth and lord chamberlain of the royal household, a contributor to the Bodleian library of valuable Greek MSS., and gave his name to Pembroke college, Oxford. He wrote poems of little merit, and some of a licentious character, but great interest is attached to his name on account of the supposition that he was the W. H. of Shakespeare's sonnets. Hal- lam, in his " Literature of Europe," favors this belief. Herbert, whose character is drawn by Clarendon in his " History of the Rebellion," was learned, noble, gallant, and licentious. HERBIVORA (plant-eaters), an order of mam- mals, ungulate or hoofed, having molar teeth for grinding, and no clavicles. Owen divides them into: 1. Artiodactyls, or even- toed, with 19 dorso-lumbar vertebrae, and horns, if any, in pairs ; including ruminants, two-toed, which chew the cud, as the cow, sheep, and camel ; and omnivores, four- toed, like the hog. 2. Pe- rissodactyls, odd-toed, one, three, or five, with more than 19 dorso-lumbar vertebrae, and horns, when any, never in pairs ; including the solid- ungulates or solid-hoofed, one-toed, like the horse, ass, and hipparion ; multungulates, three or five-toed, like the tapir, rhinoceros, and palseotherium ; and proboscidia, like the ele- phant and mastodon, with five toes, a proboscis, and tusks in one or both jaws. They form one of the three orders of the eighth class, or mam- mals, in Prof. Agassiz's classification, the other two being marsupials and carnivora; of course, thus including rodents, many edentates, bats, and monkeys. This extension of the term is likely to introduce confusion into the general- ly followed classifications. HERCULANEUM, an ancient city of Campania, Italy, situated at the N. W. base of Mt. Vesu- vius, about 5 m. S. E. of Naples, and entirely llerculaneum. overwhelmed by an eruption of Vesuvius in A. D. 79. Its foundation was ascribed to Her- cules, and Ovid called it Herculea iirbs. It is said by Strabo to have been occupied in turn
