754 HOFFMAN HOFFMANN stipulation that Austria should evacuate Tyrol. Lefebvre marched from Salzburg into Tyrol with over 20,000 French, Saxons, and Bava- rians, while Beaumont with 10,000 advanced from Bavaria. It was under these trials that the military genius of Hofer displayed itself most brilliantly. After sustaining several re- verses, Lefebvre with 25,000 Bavarian and French soldiers, including 2,000 cavalry, was completely routed (Aug. 13) by 18,000 Tyrolese peasants, and driven from Tyrol. An inde- pendent government was formed, with Hofer at its head as absolute ruler. After the peace of Vienna, however, the archduke addressed a proclamation to the Tyrolese urging them to submit, while at the same time three veteran armies marched into the country to force them to obedience. Under these circumstances Ho- fer sent in his submission in November to Eu- gene Beauharnais, the viceroy of Italy, and to the Bavarian commander-in-chief. Deceived by reports of Tyrolese victories and the en- trance of the archduke into Tyrol, he took up arms again, but being defeated fled for conceal- ment to the mountains, where the peasants re- sisted all inducements to reveal his hiding place. He was at last betrayed to Gen. Baraguey d'Hilliers by one of his most trusted partisans for 300 ducats, arrested on the night of Jan. 20, 1810, and taken to Mantua. He was tried before Gen. Bisson. A majority of the judges wished to save his life, but Napoleon gave or- ders that he should be put to death within 24 hours. He died without the slightest indication of fear, refusing to have his eyes bound, and himself giving the word to fire. His property was confiscated. In 1819 the emperor Francis of Austria conferred upon his family, under the name of Von Passeyr, the patent of nobility already decreed in 1809. This was the name of the place where Hofer was captured, and where a monument was erected to his mem- ory. The house where he was born and lived was converted by the emperor into an asylum for 16 old Tyrolese, while his remains were brought in 1823 from Mantua to Innspruck, and buried in the cathedral there, near the monument of the emperor Maximilian. A mar- ble statue was placed in 1834 over the tomb. . HOFFMAN, Charles Fenno, an American author, born in New York in 1806. In 1817 his leg was crushed between a steamboat and the wharf and had to be amputated. He was ed- ucated at Columbia college, which he left in the junior year, was admitted to the bar at the age of 21, and practised for three years, during which time he became associated with Charles King in the " New York American " newspa- per. He was the first editor of the " Knick- erbocker Magazine," but resigned the post after the issue of a few numbers. In 1835 he published " A Winter in the West" (2 vols.), recording the experience of a journey made in 1833 ; and in 1837 " Wild Scenes in the Forest and the Prairie " (2 vols.). His only novel, " Greyslaer," appeared in 1840. In 1842 his lyrics were published in a volume entitled " The Vigil of Faith, and other Poems," and in 1844 " The Echo, or Borrowed Notes for Home Circulation," a second volume of poetry. "Love's Calendar, and other Poems" (New York, 1848), is a more complete collection of his lyrics. In 1846-7 he edited the "Literary World." About 1850 he became afflicted with a mental disorder, and has since lived in a lu- natic asylum. A new edition of his poems, edited by his nephew, Edward Fenno Hoff- man, was published in 1874. HOFFMAN, David, an American lawyer, born in Baltimore, Dec. 25, 1784, died in New York, Nov. 11, 1854. From 1817 to 1836 he was professor of law in the university of Maryland. Having resigned his professorship, he travel-- led in Europe for two years, and afterward practised law in Philadelphia till 1847, when he again went to Europe, returning in 1853. During this time he furnished to the London " Times " several papers relating to the gov- ernment and people of the United States. He published "A Course of Legal Study" (1817; 2d ed., 2 vols. 8vo, 1836), of which Justice Story said, " It contains by far the most per- fect system for the study of the law which has ever been offered to the public." His " Legal Outlines," of which only one volume appeared (1836), has also been commended as a text book. He also published "Miscellaneous Essays" (1837), "Viator" (1841), and "Chronicles se- lected from the Originals of Cartaphilus the Wandering Jew " (2 vols., London, 1855). HOFFMAN, Murray, an American jurist, born in New York, Sept. 29, 1791. He graduated at Columbia college in 1809, studied law, and practised for a number of years. In March, 1839, he became assistant vice chancellor, which office he held for four years. He was appointed judge of the superior court in New York in November, 1853, and held that office till the end of 1861. Judge Hoffman has pub- lished " Office and Duties of Masters in Chan- cery " (1824) ; " Treatise on the Practice of the Court of Chancery " (3 vols., 1840-'43) ; " Treatise on the Corporation of New York as Owners of Property, and Compilation of the Laws relating to the City of New York;" and " Vice Chancery Reports " (1839-'40). As an active layman in the Episcopal church, he lias published "Treatise on the Law of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States" (1850); "Ecclesiastical Law in the State of New York" (1868); and "The Rit- ual Law of the Church, with Notes on the Offi- ces, Articles, &c." (1872). HOFFMANN, Daniel, a German clergyman, born in Halle about 1540, died in Wolfenbiittel in 1611. At first professor of ethics in Jena, he afterward taught theology in Helmstedt, and became well known in the controversies of the reformation, opposing Beza on the eucharist. He was censured by an assembly of divines in 1593, and threatened with excommunication, and published in reply a famous apology. In
