HONORIUS demanding of the pope the investiture of his kingdom. Eleven letters of Honorius II. are in vol. x. of Labbe's collection of the councils. III. Ceneio Savelli, born in Rome, died there, March 18, 1227. He was successively a canon regular of St. John Lateran, tutor to Frederick II., cardinal deacon, cardinal priest, chamber- lain, and vice chancellor of the Roman church. He was elected pope in Perugia, July 18, 1216. One of his first cares was to enforce the laws of his predecessor Innocent III. for promoting clerical studies. He compelled the French to acknowledge Henry III. of England after the death of John, and interfered to secure the rights of Berengaria, widow of Richard I. On the day after his consecration he wrote to the king of Jerusalem and to the principal sov- ereigns, urging them to succor Palestine. He crowned Peter de Courtenay as emperor of Constantinople, April 9, 1217, and organized an army of crusaders under Andrew II., king of Hungary. In order to enlist the forces of Ger- many in the same cause, he negotiated with his former pupil, Frederick II., crowned his infant son king of the Romans in April, 1220, and Frederick himself as emperor in the fol- lowing November, exacting at the coronation a solemn promise, which was not redeemed, to proceed to Palestine with an army within two years. Honorius induced Louis VIII. of France to undertake a crusade against Ray- mond of Toulouse, and persuaded the Ger- man princes to take up arms in defence of the new Christians of Prussia and Pome- rania. His letters are published in Innocent Ciron's Compilatio Epistolarum Decretalium Eonorii III. (Toulouse, 1645). IV. Giaeomo Savelli, born in Rome, died there, April 3, 1287. He was educated in Paris, became a canon of Chalons-sur-Marne, and cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin. He was elected pope at Perugia, April 2, 1285, in violation of the constitution of Gregory X., without the formality of a conclave, which the new pope termed " a censurable abuse lately introduced into the Roman church." He endeavored without success to introduce the study of ori- ental languages into the university of Paris. Charles the Lame, heir to the kingdom of Sicily, being held a prisoner by Alfonso III. of Aragon, Honorius encouraged the French king, Philip the Bold, to make war on Aragon, bestowing for that purpose on the latter the tithe of all ecclesiastical revenues in France. He suppressed brigandage in his own states, and gave a great impulse to art and science. The letters of Honorius, preserved in Wadding's "Annals" and Ughelli's Italia Sacra, bear the stamp of wisdom and moderation ; but contem- porary historians reproach him with nepotism. HONORIUS, Flavins, a Roman emperor of the West, second son of Theodosius the Great, born in Constantinople in September, 384, died in Ravenna in August, 423. On the death of his father in 395 he succeeded to the possession of the West, and resided during several years of HOOD 801 his minority at Milan, while his commander-in- chief and father-in-law Stilicho carried on the war against Alaric, king of the Visigoths. Stilicho was put to death in 408 on a charge of treason, and in 410 Rome was taken and plundered by Alaric. (See STILIOHO, and ALA- RIO.) While insurrections broke out in many parts of the empire, and his general Constan- tius was able to protect only Italy and por- tions of the transalpine provinces, Honorius re- sided ingloriously in Ravenna. He was weak, vacillating, and stupid, and his long reign de- termined the downfall of the empire. HONT, a N. W. county of Hungary, bound- ed S. by the Danube ; area, 986 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 123,800, of whom about 47,000 were Magyars and 57,000 Slavs, 76,000 Roman Cath- olics and 34,000 Protestants. In the north the county is traversed by ramifications of the Carpathians, gradually sloping southward to the Danube. The soil, particularly in the val- leys, is generally fertile, producing large crops of grain, hemp, flax, and tobacco. Wine is also made to some extent. There are produc- tive mines of gold, silver, lead, and iron, which have long been worked, particularly around Schemnitz. The capital is Ipolysag, but the most important town is Schemnitz. HONTHEIM, Jobann Meolans Ton, a German ju- risconsult, born in Treves, Jan. 27, 1701, died at Montquintin in Luxemburg, Sept. 2, 1790. He was educated at the Jesuit school in Treves, studied jurisprudence at Louvain and Leyden, and became doctor of law in 1724. In 1728 he was appointed ecclesiastical counsellor of the consistory in Treves, in 1732 professor of civil law ; and in 1748 he was made bishop of Myriophis in partibus, and suffragan of the see of Treves. He became favorably known for erudition, and published several works, the most famous of which is De Statu Ecclesia et legitima Potentate Romani Pontiftcis (4to, 1763), published under the pseudonyme of Justinus Febronius. In this work, which at- tracted great attention and was translated into French and Italian, he took ultra-Gallican or national views, and propounded a system of church government which has been called Febronianism. It was condemned in Germany and in France, as well as by Clement XIII., to whom it was dedicated, and drew forth a num- ber of replies, the most noteworthy of which were those of Zaccaria and Ballerini. In 1778 the author issued a retractation, but this was followed by a commentary (1781) which threw doubts on his sincerity. His doctrines led to the congress at Ems ; but as the French revo- lution swept away the Gallican church and the civil constitution of the clergy, Hontheim's ideas lay dormant until the present century, when they have been revived in the Old Cath- olic movement. HOOD, a N. E. county of Texas, intersected by the Brazos river, and watered by numerous tributaries of that stream ; area, 614 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,585, of whom 97 were colored.
