812 HOPKINS HOPKINS, Esek, an American naval officer, born in Scituate, R. I., in 1718, died in North Providence, Feb. 26, 1802. On the breaking out of the revolutionary war he was commis- sioned by Gov. Cooke as brigadier general. On Dec. 22, 1775, he received a commission from the continental congress as commodore and " commander-in-chief " of the navy. He was officially addressed by Washington as Ad- miral Hopkins. In February, 1776, he put to sea with the first squadron sent out by the colonies, consisting of four ships and three sloops. The fleet sailed for the Bahama isl- ands, and captured the forts at New Provi- dence, with 80 cannon, and a large quantity of ordnance stores and ammunition. On his return, when off Block island, Hopkins took the British schooner Hawke and the bomb brig Bolton. For this act the president of congress complimented him officially. Two days afterward, with three vessels, he attacked the Glasgow, of 29 guns ; but she escaped, and for this he was censured. In June, 1776, he was ordered by congress to appear before the naval committee to reply to charges which had been preferred against him for not annoy- ing the enemy's ships on the southern coast. He was defended by John Adams, and was acquitted. The unavoidable delays at a later period in getting his ships ready for sea gave another chance for his enemies to complain ; and neglecting a citation to appear at Phila- delphia, he was dismissed the service, Jan. 2, 1777. He resided near Providence, and exerted during a long life a great political influence in Rhode Island, being often elected to the gen- eral assembly of that state. HOPKINS, John Henry, an American bishop, born in Dublin, Jan. 30, 1792, died at Rock Point, Vt., Jan. 9, 1868. He came to America with his parents in 1800, and was intended for the law ; but after receiving a classical educa- tion he passed a year in a counting room in Philadelphia, assisted Wilson the ornithologist in the preparation of the plates to the first four volumes of his work, and about 1810 em- barked in the manufacture of iron in the west- ern part of Pennsylvania. The iron business was prostrated by the peace of 1815, and in October, 1817, he quitted it bankrupt in prop- erty, and after six months' study was admitted to the bar in Pittsburgh ; but in 1823 he left the bar for the ministry, and in 1824 became rector of Trinity church, Pittsburgh. A new building being needed, he became its architect, studying Gothic architecture for the purpose. In 1826 he was sent as clerical deputy to the general convention, and again in 1829, taking in both a prominent part in the debates. In 1831 he accepted a call to Trinity church, Bos- ton, as assistant minister. A theological semi- nary was at the same time established in the diocese of Massachusetts, in which he became professor of systematic divinity. In 1832 he was elected the first bishop of Vermont, and was consecrated in New York, Oct. 31. He immediately proceeded to his diocese, accept- ing at the same time the rectorship of St. Paul's church, Burlington. He soon began a boys' school, and in erecting the needed build- ings became involved to a degree which re- sulted in the sacrifice of his property. He resigned his rectorship in 1856, in order to de- vote himself to the work of the diocese, and the building up at Burlington of the " Vermont Episcopal Institute." Besides pamphlets, ser- mons, and addresses, he published " Chris- tianity Vindicated, in a Series of Seven Dis- courses on the External Evidences of the New Testament" (Burlington, 1833); "The Primi- tive Creed Examined and Explained " (1834) ; "The Primitive Church compared with the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Present Day " (1835) ; " Essay on Gothic Architecture " (1836) ; " The Church of Rome in her Primi- tive Purity, compared with the Church of Rome at the Present Day" (1837); "Twelve Canzonets," words and music (New York, 1839); "The Novelties which Disturb our Peace" (Philadelphia, 1844); "Causes, Prin- ciple^, and Results of the British Reforma- tion" (Philadelphia, 1844); "History of the Confessional " (New York, 1850) ; " A Refuta- tion of Milner's 'End of Controversy,' in a Se- ries of Letters" (2 vols., 1854); "The Ameri- can Citizen, his Rights and Duties" (1857); "A Scriptural, Ecclesiastical, and Historical View of Slavery," sustaining that institution (1864); "History of the Church in Verse" (1866) ; " Law of Ritualism Examined " (1867) ; and " Candid Examination whether the Pope is the Great Antichrist of Scripture " (1869). He was a strong champion of the high-church party. He took a prominent part in the Pan- Anglican synod at Lambeth (1867), and re- ceived from Oxford the degree of D. C. L. HOPKINS, Lemuel, an American poet, born in Waterbury, Conn., June 19, 1750, died in Hartford, April 14, 1801. He practised medi- cine at Litchfield from 1776 to 1784, when he removed to Hartford. He was singular in his appearance, manners, and opinions ; in his early days an admirer of the French philoso- phers, but in his later years a diligent student of the Bible. He is said to have written for Barlow the version of the 137th psalm begin- ning, " Along the banks where Babel's current flows." Among his poems, the best known are " The Hypocrite's Hope " and an elegy on " The Victim of a Cancer Quack." HOPKINS, Mark, an American scholar, bora in Stockbridge, Mass., Feb. 4, 1802. He gradu- ated at Williams college in 1824, and having filled a tutorship in the college for two years, he received in 1828 the degree of M. D., and began the practice of medicine in New York. In 1830 he was recalled to Williams college as professor of moral philosophy and rhetoric, and in 1836 he succeeded Dr. Griffin as presi- dent of the college, which post he held till 1872, Vhen he resigned, and is now (1874) professor of mental and moral philosophy. He
