344: NEWSTEAD ABBEY NEWTON Wisconsin, Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and Cali- fornia; Spanish, 167" in New York, 6 in New Mexico, and 3 in California ; Dutch, 6 5 in Michigan and 1 in Iowa; Italian, 2 1 each in New York and California ; Welsh, 4 3 in Pennsylvania and 1 in New York ; Bohe- mian, 5 2 in Nebraska, and 1 each in Ohio, Iowa, and Wisconsin ; Polish, 21 each in Illi- nois and Missouri. There is a Portuguese pa- per in New York, a Chinese in San Francisco, and a Cherokee at Tahlequah, Indian territory. (See PEKIODICAL LITERATUEE.) NEWSTEAD ABBEY, the family seat of Lord Byron, situated on the verge of Sherwood for- est, England, 8 m. W. of Nottingham. The building was originally a priory of black can- ons, founded in 1170 by Henry II., and at the dissolution of the monasteries was granted by Henry VIII. to Sir John Byron. It was then a fine specimen of the early Anglo-Gothic, un- surpassed in elegance of composition and deli- Newstead Abbey. cacy of execution, and "stood embosomed in a happy valley," the slopes of which were cov- ered by the broad oaks of Sherwood forest. The new possessor converted a portion of the building into a dwelling; and his successors have altered, embellished, or added to it, until it presents a singular mingling of opposite styles of architecture. The fifth Lord Byron, great-uncle of the poet, pulled down a large part of the house, cut down extensive planta- tions, and did all he could to injure the estate, from some cause of irritation against his son and heir, who however died before him. In 1817 Byron parted with Newstead for 180,000 to Col. Thomas Wildman, an old schoolfellow, who carefully preserved whatever relics of the poet he found there, and spent more than 200,000 on the reparation of the property, which on his demise in 1859 was put up at auction, the reserved price being 180,000. As the highest bid was but 121,000, the estate was bought in by Col. Wildman's repre- sentatives, and subsequently it came into the possession of William Frederick Webb, who now (1875) owns and occupies it. NEWT. See TRITON. NEW TESTAMENT. See BIBLE. NEWTON, the name of counties in six of the United States. I. A central county of Georgia, bounded S. W. by South river, and intersected by Yellow and Ulcofauhachee rivers, all three uniting at its S. extremity to form the Ocmul- gee ; area, about 400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 14,615, of whom 6,014 were colored. It has an undulating surface and a soil very fertile near the streams. It is intersected by the Georgia railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 38,414 bushels of wheat, 192,587 of Indian corn, 31,974 of oats, 23,455 of sweet potatoes, 5,770 bales of cotton, 5,871 Ibs. of wool, 67,455 of butter, 9,887 of honey, and 1,512 gallons of molasses. There were 968 horses, 1,112 mules and asses, 1,936 milch cows, 489 working oxen, 2,293 other cat- tle, 3,602 sheep, and 7,704 swine; 2 man- ufactories of cotton yarn, 9 tanneries, and 4 saw mills. Capital, Covington. II. A cen- tral county of Mis- sissippi, drained by the head branches of the Chickasawha riv- er; area, about 625 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,067, of whom 3,386 were colored. It is intersected by the Vicksburg and Me- ridian railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,492 bush- els of wheat, 201,704 of Indian corn, 7,205 of oats, 30,262 of sweet potatoes, 3,399 bales of cotton, 5,650 Ibs. of wool, 42,030 of butter, and 1,311 gallons of molasses. There were 1,256 horses, 643 mules and asses, 2,737 milch cows, 1,238 working oxen, 3,763 other cattle, 4,205 sheep, and 12,920 swine. Capital, Decatur. III. A S. E. county of Texas, separated from Louisiana by the Sa- bine river and drained by its branches ; area, 964 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,187, of whom 831 were colored. The surface is undulating to- ward the south and somewhat hilly in the north. The soil of the bottom lands is highly productive, but much of the upland is poor and sandy. Timber is abundant. The chief productions in 1870 were 51,303 bushels of Indian corn, 11,890 of sweet potatoes, 1,001 bales of cotton, and 4,574 gallons of molasses. There were 556 horses, 1,370 milch cows, 6,208 other cattle, 1,456 sheep, and 4,331 swine. Capital, Newton. IV. A N. W. county of Ar-
