MtlLLER 35 history of Greek literature, the first volume of which was translated into English by Lewis and Donaldson (1840), previous to its publica- tion in Germany, where it was issued after Miiller's death by his brother Eduard (Ge- schichte der griechischen Literatur ~bis auf das Zeitalter Alexanders, 2 vols., Breslau, 1841 ; 2d ed., 185T), and was brought down by Donald- son in English to the capture of Constantino- ple (3 vols., London, 1858). He published also several special archaeological treatises and arti- cles in periodicals, and edited Festus, Varro's De Lingua Latina, and the Eumenides of JEa- chylus. In 1839 he undertook a tour of explo- ration in southern Italy and Greece, and while superintending excavations at Delphi contract- ed a fatal fever. He was removed before his death to Athens, and buried on an eminence near the site of Plato's academy. A collection of his Kleine deutsche Schriften was published posthumously by his brother Eduard (3 vols., Breslau, 1847-'8). See Erinnerungen an Ot- fried Midler, by Lucke (Gottingen, 1841). II. Julias, a German theologian, brother of the pre- ceding, born in Brieg, April 10, 1801. He aban- doned the study of law for that of theology, and was settled over several small parishes from 1825 to 1831. He was then appointed preach- er at the university of Gottingen, and in 1834 professor of theology. From 1835 to 1839 he filled the same chair at Marburg, and afterward at Halle. He has published various theological works and essays, and his Die christliche Lehre von der Sunde (Breslau, 1839 ; 4th revised ed., 2 vols., 1858 ; English translation by W. Puls- ford, " The Christian Doctrine of Sin," 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1852-'3) is one of the most noted productions of contemporary German Protes- tant literature. In 1850 he was associated with Neander and Nitzsch in founding the Deutsche Zeitschrift fur christliche Wissenschaft und christliches Leben. Having been a represen- tative of evangelical union in the Berlin synod of 1846, he published in 1854 Die evqngelische Union, ihr Wesen und gottliches Pecht. III. Eduard, brother of the preceding, born in Brieg, Nov. 12, 1804. Since 1853 he has been direc- tor of the gymnasium of Liegnitz, and has published Geschichte der Theorie der Kunst ~bei den Alien (2 vols., Breslau, 1834-'7), and a tragedy, Simson und Delilah (1853). MULLER, Otto, a German novelist, born at Schotten, Hesse-Darmstadt, June 1, 1816. He began his career as a librarian and a journal- ist, and resided in various places till 1856, when he settled in Stuttgart. He early pub- lished a series of novels, and in 1845 appeared his Burger, ein deutsches Dichterleben, which was followed by Georg Volker and other polit- ical novels. In 1854 appeared his admirable Charlotte AcTcermann. Among his subsequent novels are Der Klosterhof (1859), Aus Petr ar- ea's alten Tagen (1862), Erzahlungen und Cha- raUerlilder (1865), Der Wildpfarrer (1866), Der Professor von Heidelberg (1870), Der Fall von Konstanz (1872), and Der Majoratsherr (1873). His Ausgewahlte Schriften appeared in Stuttgart (12 vols., 1874). MULLER, Otto Frederik, a Danish naturalist, born in Copenhagen in March, 1730, died Dec. 26, 1784. He was educated for the church, became tutor to a young nobleman, and after several years' travel with him settled in Copen- hagen in 1767, and married a lady of wealth. His first important works, Fauna Insectorum Friedrichsdaliana (Leipsic, 1764), and Flora Friedrichsdaliana (Strasburg, 1767), recom- mended him to Frederick V. of Denmark, by whom he was employed to continue the Flora of Denmark, and he added two volumes to the three published by Oeder since 1761. The study of zoology, and particularly of the minute animals, meanwhile began to occupy his atten- tion almost exclusively, and in 1771 he pro- duced a work in German on " Certain Worms inhabiting Fresh and Salt Water," which de- scribed many new species of those annulose animals called by Linnaeus aphrodita and nerei- des, and gave much additional information re- specting their habits. In his Vermium Terres- trium et Flumatilium, seu Animalium Infuso- riorum, Helminthecorum, et Testaceorum non Marinorum, succincta Historia (2 vols. 4to, Copenhagen and Leipsic, l773-'4), he arranged the infusoria for the first time into genera and species. His Hydrachnm in Aquis Danim Pa- lustribus detectce et descriptce (Leipsic, 1781), and Entomostraca (1785), describe many spe- cies of minute animals previously unknown. To these was added an illustrated work on the infusoria, published in 1786. These three works, according to Cuvier, give the author " a place in the first rank of those naturalists who have enriched science with original ob- servations." His Zoologica Danica, which was intended to correspond in the animal kingdom with the Flora Danica in the vegetable, was commenced in 1779, but only two parts, each containing 40 plates, were finished by him. MULLER, Peder Erasmus, a Danish bishop, born in Copenhagen, May 29, 1776, died Sept. 16, 1834. He was educated at the university of Copenhagen, where, after visiting France and England, he was appointed professor of the- ology in 1801, and in 1830 bishop of Seeland. He published theological treatises and works on the language, literature, and history of Den- mark and Iceland. The most celebrated is his "Library of the Sagas" (1816-'20), in which he gives an account of all the Icelandic sagas or tales. From 1805 to 1832 he was editor of the "Danish Literary Gazette" (Danslc Lit- eratur Tidende). MULLER, Sophie, a German actress, born in Mannheim in 1803, died at Hietzing, near Vienna, June 20, 1830. She was a daughter of the actor Karl Muller (1783-1837), and ap- peared on the Carlsruhe stage in her 15th year. In 1821 she went to Munich, and in 1822 was engaged at the court theatre of Vienna, ac- quiring the reputation of one of the most dis- tinguished tragedians of her day. She also
