ORLEANS 697 milch cows, 6,411 other cattle, 49,615 sheep, and 7,883 swine ; 4 manufactories of agricultu- ral implements, 20 of carriages and wagons, 10 of cider, 20 of cooperage, 7 of saddlery and harness, 12 flour mills, and 21 saw mills. Cap- ital, Albion. III. A S. E. parish of Louisiana, chiefly on the left bank of the Mississippi river, bounded N. by Lake Pontchartrain, N. E. by the Rigolets pass connecting that lake with Lake Borgne, and S. E. by Lake Borgne; area, about 150 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 191,418, of whom 50,456 were colored. Since the cen- sus it has been somewhat enlarged by the transference of Carrollton from Jefferson par- ish to New Orleans. The population in 1875 is about 210,000, of whom rather less than one fourth are colored. The city of New Orleans embraces the greater portion of it, the islets at the N. E. extremity, called Les Petites Coquil- les, alone not being included within the city limits. It has a low and level surface, and the greater part of it is swampy and liable to over- flow from high water, with a general inclination from S. E. to N. W. The W. portion is protect- ed from overflow by levees, and is tolerably well drained. The chief agricultural produc- tions of the parish in 1870 were 14,357 bush- els of Indian corn, 2,468 of Irish and 4,540 of sweet potatoes, 751 hogsheads of sugar, 17,910 gallons of molasses, and 825,896 of milk sold. The value of land in farms was $859,012 ; of live stock on farms, $173,690; of farm pro- ductions, $614,128. (See NEW OELEANS.) ORLEANS, an island of the province of Que- bec, Canada, forming part of Montmorency co., in the St. Lawrence, a few miles below the city of Quebec ; area, 69 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 4,924. It is well wooded, has a fertile soil, and contains several villages and good farms. ORLEANS (Fr. Orleans; anc. Gendbum, after- ward Aurelianum}, a city of France, capital of the department of Loiret, on the right bank of the Loire, 68 m. S. by W. of Paris; pop. in 1872, 48,976. The ancient fortifications have been demolished, to make room for gardens and public promenades. The cathedral, begun in the 13th century, was partly destroyed by the Huguenots, and reconstructed in the 17th and 18th centuries. The churches of St. Aignan and St. Euverte, the old city hall, an edifice of the 15th century which is now appropriated to a museum of painting and sculpture, the old houses of Agnes Sorel and Francis I., and an equestrian statue of Joan of Arc, are objects of attention. Orleans has a historical museum, a museum of natural history, an academy of sciences, belles-lettres, and arts, and a public, library of about 50,000 volumes. There are Orleans. manufactures of hosiery and woollen and cot- ton blankets, numerous sugar refineries, brew- eries, and tanneries; and the town is an impor- tant railway centre. Ancient Genabum was destroyed by Caesar, and, being rebuilt by Au- relian, took his name. Attila with his Huns appeared before its walls in 451 ; but the time- ly intervention of the Roman general Ae*tius rescued it from danger. It was conquered by Clovis in 496, and under his successors became the capital of one of the Frankish kingdoms. It was pillaged by the Northmen in 856 and 865. Louis the Fat was crowned there in 1108, and a university was established in 1309. After the accession of the house of Valois it became the capital of a duchy, which was be- stowed successively upon various princes of the royal family. It adhered faithfully to the French kings during their long wars with the English. In October, 1428, the latter, under
