238 PELIOtf peace with the republic about the end of the 4th century B. 0. In 295 they attacked the Samnite army on its retreat from the battle of Sentinum, and killed 1,000 of the fugitives. During the second Punio war they furnished their usual quota to the Roman army, and sent volunteers to Scipio besides. They played a principal part in the social war, one of their chief towns, Corfinium, near the Aternus, be- ing selected by the allies as the future capital of Italy, and therefore surnamed Italica. They were finally subdued in 89 B. C. by C. Pom- peius Strabo, the father of Pompey the Great. PELION, in ancient geography, a mountain range of Thessaly, extending along the coast of Magnesia, and forming the promontories of Sepias and ^Eantmm. On the north it is connected by a low ridge with Mt. Ossa. Pelion has a broad and extended outline, well contrasted with the steeply conical shape of Mt. Ossa. Its eastern side rises precipitously from the sea, and on this rocky shore the fleet of Xerxes was lost. On its summit was a tem- ple of Jupiter Actseus, and near this was fabled to be the cave of the centaur Chiron. It is still distinguished for its magnificent forests. In their war with the gods, the giants are said to have attempted to scale heaven by piling Pelion and Ossa on Olympus, or Ossa and Olympus on Pelion. The name Plessidhi is now applied to the N". W. summit of Pelion, which rises to a height of about 5,300 ft. PELISSIER, Amable Jean Jacques, duke of Ma- lakoff, a marshal of France, born at Maromme, near Rouen, Nov. 6, 1794, died May 22, 1864. He studied at the military schools of La Fleche and St. Oyr, entered the artillery, served in Spain in 1823, became a captain in 1828, served in Greece, and in 1830 took part in the expedi- tion against Algeria. In July, 1843, he was made colonel, and in 1845 entered the territory of the Ouled Riahs, who took refuge in one of the spacious caverns in which their country abounds. To all summonses to surrender they refused to listen, and even prevented the ap- proach of messengers by the discharge of fire- arms. Finally Pelissier applied burning fagots to the mouth of the cave, and suffocated nearly 600 of the Arabs. This action excited general condemnation, but Marshal Bugeaud declared that his subordinate had acted in accordance with his orders. In 1846 Pelissier became brigadier general, and in 1850 general of divi- sion. He remained in Algeria till January, 1855, when he was ordered to the Crimea as second in command, and in May he succeeded Canrobert as chief commander. After the fall of Sebastopol he was created marshal of France and duke of Malakoff, and received by vote of the legislative body a pension of 100,000 francs. He replaced Count Persigny as minister to England in April, 1858; but in 1859, on the outbreak of the Italian war, he was recalled to take command of the army of observation in eastern France. From 1860 till his death he was governor general of Algeria. PELLICO PELLETAN, Pierre dlement Eugene, a French author, born at Royan, Charente-Inferieure, Oct. 29, 1813. He studied law in Paris, and was a writer for the Presse from 1839 to 1849, subsequently for Lamartine's organ Le Bien public, and for the Siecle from 1853 to 1855, when he returned to the Presse. He was elected to the legislative body in 1863, after- ward founded the Tribune, a radical weekly journal, and was again elected in 1869. On the proclamation of the republic, Sept. 4, 1870, he became a member of the government for national defence. At the election of Feb. 8 he received a larger majority than any of the oth- er ten successful candidates for the national assembly in the department of Bouches-du- Rhone. His principal works are : La lampe eteinte, a novel (2 vols., 1840) ; Profession de foi du XIX 6 siecle (1853; 2d ed., 1854); Heures de travail (2 vols., 1854) ; La nouvelle Babylone, a tirade against luxury (1862) ; and Adresse au roi Colon (1863). PELLETIER, Laurent Joseph, a French painter, born at claron, Haute-Marne, in 1810. He became known in 1846 by his "Valley of Sierck," was appointed professor at Metz, and produced many landscapes, including views of Fontainebleau (1865-"T4), "The Forest of Biche " (1869), and other forest views. PELLEW, Edward. See EXMOUTH. PELLICO, Silvio, an Italian author, born in Saluzzo, Piedmont, June 24, 1789, died at the villa of Moncaglieri near Turin, Jan. 31, 1854. His father, who owned a silk manufactory at Pinerolo, was a man of literary taste. About 1795 the family removed to Turin, and Silvio studied under a priest until he accompanied his sister, on her marriage, to Lyons. The reading of Ugo Foscolo's poem, / sepolcri, which appeared in 1807, made a powerful im- pression on him, and in 1810 he removed to Milan, taught French, and entering the fam- ily of Count Lambertinghi as tutor, became acquainted with many distinguished persons. His first production was 'the tragedy of Lao- damia. It was followed by Francesca da Si- mini, which gave Pellico a high rank as a dra- matic poet. Byron translated it into English verse, but did not publish it. Pellico's next work was a translation of Byron's " Manfred." In 1819, with some other literary men, he established a journal called II conciliatore, in which his Eufemio di Messina and Manzoni's Conte di Carmagnola first appeared. On ac- count of its liberal tendencies it was early subjected to a rigid censorship by the Austrian authorities, and in 1820 it was entirely sup- pressed. About this time Pellico appears to have become a member of the revolutionary society of the carbonari. On Oct. 13, 1820, he was arrested. He was first confined in the prison of Santa Margherita at Milan, and thence was removed to the leads of Venice, and sub- sequently to a state prison on the island of San Michele near the latter city. In February, 1822, he was condemned to death, but by an
