636 TEMPLE TENASSERIM TEMPLE, Frederick, an English bishop, born Nov. 30, 1821. He graduated at Oxford in 1842, and was elected fellow and mathemati- cal tutor of his college. In 1846 he took orders, in 1848 was appointed principal of the training college at Kneller Hall, near Twicken- ham, in 1855-'7 was an inspector of schools, and in 1858 was appointed head master of Rugby school and chaplain in ordinary to the queen. In 1860 he contributed the first of the essays (" On the Education of the World ") in the volume known as " Essays and Reviews." In 1868 he supported Mr. Gladstone's measures for the disestablishment of the Irish church, and was nominated bishop of Exeter, and con- secrated on Dec. 21, 1869. He has published "Sermons preached at Rugby School, 1858- '69 " (3 vols., 1861-'71). TEMPLE, Richard Grenville, earl, an English statesman, born Sept. 26, 1711, died at Stowe, Buckinghamshire, Sept. 11, 1777. He was the eldest son of Richard Grenville and Hester Temple, and in 1752 succeeded his mother, who had been created in 1749 Countess Tem- ple, as Earl Temple. The marriage of his sis- ter Hester Grenville with William Pitt, after- ward earl of Chatham, was the means of in- troducing him to public life, and during the first Pitt administration he was a prominent member of the cabinet. In 1852-' 3 appeared " The Grenville Papers " (4 vols. 8vo), com- prising the correspondence of Earl Temple and his brother George Grenville between 1742 and 1777, edited by W. J. Smith. The present representative of the Grenvilles is the duke of Buckingham and Chandos. TEMPLE, Sir William, an English statesman, born in London in 1628, died at Moor Park, Surrey, Jan. 27, 1699. He was the son of Sir John Temple, master of the rolls in Ireland. After passing two years at Emmanuel college, Cambridge, he went abroad without taking a degree, and made the continental tour. He was married in 1654, and for several years re- sided with his father in Ireland. He repre- sented the county of Carlow in the Irish con- vention in 1660, and also in the first Irish parliament after the restoration. In 1663 he removed to England, and in 1665 was sent on a secret mission to the bishop of Munster. In reward for his services, he was created a baro- net and appointed resident at Brussels. In 1667 he visited Holland, and urged upon his government the necessity of a league with that country against the projects of Louis XIV. Receiving, in January, 1668, the necessary powers to negotiate such a treaty, he concluded the triple alliance between England, Holland, and Sweden, by which the contracting parties bound themselves to endeavor to bring about a peace between France and Spain, and to keep the former power out of the Low Countries. After perfecting at Aix-la-Chapelle negotia- tions for peace in pursuance of this alliance, he went in August, 1668, as ambassador to the Hague. Recalled to England in September, 1670, he discovered that the ministry had formed a secret treaty with France, by which the triple alliance was rendered of no effect, and in June, 1671, received his dismissal. For two or three years he resided at his estate of Sheen ; but in 1674 he was summoned to ne- gotiate a peace with Holland, which he accom- plished in London. He returned soon after- ward to his former post at the Hague, and was also one of the mediators deputed to attend the congress of Nimeguen, which resulted (1678) in an unsatisfactory treaty of peace between France and Holland, which Temple refused to sign. Returning to England, he declined to ac- cept the office of secretary of state ; but Charles II., harassed by the violence of parliament, gladly availed himself of Temple's advice, and his plan for a new privy council of 30 mem- bers, 15 to be great officers of state and 15 independent noblemen and gentlemen of great weight and landed possessions, was carried into effect in April, 1679. But in consequence of several perversions of its fundamental princi- ples, and the admission of Lord Shaftesbury as a member contrary to his advice, Temple ceased to attend the regular meetings. A sin- gle session of parliament, to which he had been elected from the university of Cambridge, sat- isfied him with legislative life ; and his name being stricken from the list of privy council- lors in 1680, he thenceforth lived in retirement, either at Sheen or at Moor Park, a seat in Surrey. During the last ten years of his life Jonathan Swift was his secretary. His works comprise "Observations upon the United Prov- inces of the Netherlands," essays on the " Ori- gin and Nature of Government," " Ancient and Modern Learning,'" " Gardening," &c., and a variety of political and miscellaneous tracts. His collected works were first published in 1720, edited by Swift; the last and best edi- tion is in 4 vols. 8vo (London, 1814). TENANT. See LEASE, and TENURE. TENASSERIM, a commissionership of British Burmah, on the E. side of the bay of Bengal, extending 650 m. from N. to S., with a breadth of from 30 to 80 m., between lat. 10 and 19 30' K, and Ion. 95 30' and 99 30' E., bounded N. by Burmah, E. by Siam, S. by the Malay pen- insula, and W. by the bay of Bengal, gulf of Martaban, and the administrative division of Pegu, from which last it is partly separated by the river Salwen; area, 46,730 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 576,765. The country is divided into the districts of Amherst, Tavoy, Mergui, Shwe- gyen, Salwen, and Toungoo (which till recent- ly was a division of Pegu) ; and the chief towns are Amherst, the capital, Maulmain, Martaban, Tavoy, Mergui, and Tcnasserim. The sea coast of Tenasserim is about 500 m. in length. S. of lat. 11 40' it is bold and rocky, while further N. it is flat and much indented with bays, creeks, and estuaries. Along its whole extent are situated islands which appear from seaward to form part of the shore. Those lying S. of lat. 14 40' N. are known collec-
