TILLY TIMBUCTOO T55 12 vols. 8vo. His complete works were published in 1707-'12, in 3 vols. fol. (10 vols. 8vo, 1820). A volume of his sermons was slated into French by Barbeyrac, and six lumes into German by Mosheim. TILLY, Johann Tserclaes, count, a German sol- r, born in the castle of Tilly, Brabant, in Feb- ry, 1559, died in Ingolstadt, April 20 (O. S.), 1632. He was educated at a college of Jesuits, first served in the Spanish army in the Nether- lands, and in Hungary distinguished himself against the Turks. In 1610 Duke Maximilian of Bavaria appointed him field marshal. On le opening of the thirty years' war he was aced at the head of the army of the Cath- olic league, and contributed to the victory of Prague, Nov. 8, 1620; in 1621 he drove Count Mansfeld, the stanchest supporter of the Prot- estant cause, from Bohemia and the Upper Palatinate ; in 1622 defeated the margrave of Baden at Wimpfen on the Neckar, and Chris- tian of Brunswick at Ho'chst; and in 1623 routed the latter once more at Stadtloo. When Christian IV. of Denmark joined the German Protestants, he signally defeated him at Lutter in August, 1626. He next besieged Nordheim, which he took after a hard struggle, crossed the Elbe, and cooperated with Wallenstein in conquering the continental part of Denmark. In 1G30 he succeeded Wallenstein as chief com- mander of the imperial armies. On May 10, 1631, he carried Magdeburg by storm, and al- lowed his soldiers to burn most of the town and massacre about 25,000 persons. But in the same year (Sept. 7) he was utterly defeated by Gustavus Adolphus at Breitenfeld, near Leipsic, and vainly tried to recover his pres- tige. He was mortally wounded in an engage- ment with Gustavus at the river Lech near Rain, April 5, 1632. He declined the title of count of the empire and the principality of Kalenberg, was a devoted Catholic, and boasted of his temperance and chastity. See Klopp's Titty im dreissigjdJirigen Kriege (2 vols., Stutt- gart, 1861). TILSIT, a town of the kingdom and province of Prussia, at the junction of the Tilse and the Niemen (Memel), which is here spanned by a long bridge, 60 m. N. E. of Konigsberg ; pop. in 1871, 20,236. The town proper consists of two long streets, and has many fine new build- ings, manufactories of paper, machinery, iron, sugar, and leather, and an active trade in grain. After Napoleon's victory at Friedland, he met here for the first time the emperor Alexander (June 25, 1807) on a raft in the middle of the Niemen, and the Tilsit treaty of peace, by which Prussia lost half her possessions, was concluded early in July. (See BONAPARTE, vol. iii., p. 42.) TILTON, Theodore, an American author, born in New York, Oct. 2, 1835. He studied at the New York free academy, and in 1856 became a writer for the " Independent," of which he was editor for many years. In 1871 he be- came editor of the Brooklyn " Union," and in 1872 founded the " Golden Age," which he ed- ited till 1874. In that year he sued the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher on a charge of seducing his wife, but the trial, lasting six months, result- ed in a disagreement of the jury. He is also a public lecturer, and has published " The Ameri- can Board and Slavery" (1860) ; a "Memorial of Mrs. Browning," prefixed to an edition of her last poems (1862); "The Fly" (1865); " Golden-Haired Gertrude " (1865) ; "The Two Hungry Kittens " (1865) ; " The King's Ring " (1866); "The True Church" (1867); "The Sexton's Tale, and Other Poems " (1867) ; "Sanctum Sanctorum, or Proof-Sheets from an Editor's Table " (1871) ; " Tempest-Tossed," a novel (1875) ; and several pamphlets, inclu- ding a life of Victoria C. Woodhull. TIMBER. See WOOD. TIMBS, John, an English author, born in London, Aug. 17, 1801, died there in March, 1875. In 1821 he became amanuensis to Sir Richard Phillips, publisher of the "Monthly Magazine," to which he contributed "A Pic- turesque Promenade round Dorking " in 1822. In 1825-'6 he published anonymously a selec- tion of ethical passages, under the title " Lacon- ics." From 1827 to 1838 he was editor of the " Mirror," one of the earliest popular low- priced weeklies. He edited the " Literary World " in 1839-'40, and was one of the edi- tors of the " Illustrated London News " from 1842 to 1858. He compiled " The Arcana of Science and Art" (11 vols., 1828-'38); "Knowl- edge for the People" (4 vols., 1831-'2) ; " Year Book of Facts in Science and Art " (31 vols., 1839-'69) ; and " The Illustrated Year Book " (2 vols., 1850-'51). Among his other publica- tions are : " Things not generally Known " (7 vols., 1856-'67); "School Days of Eminent Men " (1858) ; " Stories of Inventors " (1859) ; " Lives of Wits and Humorists " (2 vols., 1862) ; "English Eccentrics and Eccentricities" (2 vols., 1866) ; " Nooks and Corners of English Life" (1866); " Wonderful Inventions" (1867) ; "Notable Things of our Own Time" (1868); "Ancestral Stories and Traditions" (1869); "Abbeys, Castles, and Ancient Halls of Eng- land and Wales " (2 vols., 1870) ; "Notabilia" (1872); and numerous other works. TOIBFCTOO, a town of central Africa, on the borders of the Sahara, about 9 m. from the river Niger, about lat. 17 40' N., Ion. 8 W. ; pop. about 13,000, greatly increased during the season of trade, from November to January. It is nearly triangular and about 3 m. in cir- cuit. It was formerly surrounded by a clay wall, but this was destroyed in 1826. The houses are closely packed together, and mostly built of clay and stone ; some of them are two stories high, and show considerable taste in their decoration. The port of Timbuctoo is at Kabara on the Niger, which has a vast arti- ficial basin, but is accessible for only four or five months in the year, the stream at other times being too shallow for navigation. The most valuable traffic is by caravans, for which
