236 UTICA defeated Maj. Ormsby on Truckee river in a well fought battle. By a treaty made June 8, 1865, some of the bands ceded all their lands, the largest concession ever made by a tribe, and agreed to go on reservations ; but a bad spirit soon became manifest. Black Hawk, a chief of the Pah Utes, for several years car- ried on a bloody warfare. Sanpitch, chief of the tribe so called, was arrested for aiding Black Hawk, and killed in endeavoring to escape ; and in October, 1866, Col. Alexander defeated Ankotash, a Mohuache chief, killing many. In 1866 a treaty was made with the Grand Eiver Utes and Tabequacb.es, to secure roads, &c. The reservation plan was carried out with so little judgment, that great suffer- ing and general demoralization resulted. The treaty of 1865 guaranteed them $25,000 a- year for 10 years, $20,000 for 20 years, and $15,000 for 30 years. The Goship Utes have $1,000 a year for 20 years under treaty of Oct. 12, 1863. It was found that valuable mines existed on the Ute reservation in Colorado, and under the act of April 23, 1872, for reducing the reservation, the secretary of the interior was authorized to contract with the tribe for a part of it. The Indians on the reservation, Tabequaches, Muaches, Capotes, Weeminuches, Yampas, Grand Rivers, and Uintahs, at last consented ; and they ceded 4,000,000 acres for $25,000 a year for ever. Very soon however Miller, one of the Indian agents, was killed by two Utes, and this with theft of stock by the Capotes led to a collision between them and the troops. A careful census of the whole tribe in 1874 gave in Utah 8 bands of Pi Utes, numbering 528 ; 3 bands in northern Arizona, 284; 15 in southern Nevada, 1,031 ; 5 in S. E. California, 184; the Uintahs, Sanpitches, Tim- panagos, and 4 other bands of Utes on the Uin- tah reservation, 556; the Pahvants of Utah, 134; and the Goshutes of Utah and Nevada, 460 ; 300 Chemehueves in California, who be- long really to the Utes ; the Pah Utes at Walk- er river,* 6,000 ; at Southeast agency, 3,000 ; the Tabequaches, Capotes, Muaches, and Wee- minuches, 3,199; and Peah's band, 350. Their property is chiefly in horses. I'TICl, an ancient city of Africa, on the W. arm of the river Bagradas, near the bay of Carthage, a short distance N. W. of the pres- ent city of Tunis ; its site is now occupied by the little village of Bu-shatter. It is said to have been founded by the Tyrians 287 years before the foundation of Carthage. In the early wars between Rome and Carthage it ap- pears as an ally of the latter. In the third Punic war it made a separate and early sub- mission to Rome, and its prosperity was there- by greatly increased, as on the fall of Carthage a part of its territory was given to Utica, and that city was made the residence of the Ro- man governor. In the historical narratives of the struggles between Sulla and Marius, and those between Caesar and Pompey, frequent references are made to it as a place of great importance. Its amphitheatre was capable of seating 20,000 persons, and on an artificial lake mimic sea fights were exhibited. Its supplies of water were stored in numerous vast reser- voirs or cisterns, some of which still remain- ing are 136 ft. long, 19 ft. wide, and 20 or 30 ft. deep. Cato the younger, surnamed Uticen- sis, committed suicide here in 46 B. C. Augus- tus made Utica a free city. It was the see of a Christian bishop at an early date. It fell into the hands of the Vandals in 439, but was recovered by the Byzantine emperors, who re- tained it till toward the close of the 7th cen- tury, when it was conquered by the Arabs and destroyed. UTICA, a city and one of the county seats of Oneida co., New York, on the S. bank of the Mohawk river, at the junction of the Erie and Chenango canals, 83 m. (direct) W. N. W. of Al- bany and 45 m. E. of Syracuse; pop. in 1850, 17,565; in 1860, 22,529; in 1870, 28,804, of whom 9,849 were foreigners; in 1875, 82,070. The city is regularly laid out, and rises grad- ually from the river to the height of 150 ft. at the head of Genesee street, which has the prin- cipal shops and many elegant residences. The city hall on this street, erected about 1852, is of Milwaukee brick, and contains besides the city offices a court room for the United States courts, which hold a term here annually, and a commodious public hall. The city is lighted with gas, and is well supplied with water. It is at the intersection of the New York Cen- tral, the Utica and Black River, the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western, and the New York and Oswego Midland railroads. Its trade in cheese is extensive. The manufactures amount to about $8,000,000 annually, embracing en- gines and boilers, machinery, iron and brass castings, pig iron, carriages, furniture, ale, or- gans, stone ware, fire brick, carpets, oil cloth, millstones, boots and shoes, cement, gloves, knit goods, lime, lasts, stained glass, agricul- tural implements, pumps, saws, rope, spring beds, silver ware, steam gauges, varnish, and japan. There are four national banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,500,000, a state bank, two private banks, and a savings institution. Utica is divided into ten wards, and is gov- erned by a mayor and a board of aldermen of two members from each ward. It is the seat of one of the state lunatic asylums, which oc- cupies a farm of 130 acres, with buildings that cost upward of $500,000. The other chari- table institutions include the Faxton hospital, home for the homeless, industrial home for women, house of the Good Shepherd, St. John's orphan asylum, St. Elizabeth's hospital and home, St. Luke's home and hospital, St. Vin- cent's orphan asylum, St. Vincent protecto- rate, Utica dispensary, and Utica orphan asy- lum. The city has 17 public schools, inclu- ding the free academy, with an average daily attendance of about 3,000 pupils, and 12 or 15 private schools and academies. The city li- brary contains 6,055 volumes. Two daily, one
