TSURUGA TUBEROSE 21 pretend to have roots which, pounded and sprinkled on the hair, prevent the bite, but their inability to keep cattle proves their in- efficacy ; the droppings of animals mixed with human milk and drugs, and smeared on the hide, often prove a temporary safeguard ; an animal slightly bitten and escaping death will fall a victim to the next severe bite. With the destruction of the game, this insect, deprived of its food, may become extinct ; and until it does, whole districts are rendered unable to keep cattle, horses, sheep, or dogs. It is found chiefly in the bush or among reeds, and rarely in the open country ; it is confined to limited regions, which it never leaves, so that cattle may graze in quiet on one side of a river while the opposite bank swarms with tsetse. When .obliged to pass through a country infested by them, the natives select a moonlight winter night, when they are torpid from cold. The flesh of animals bitten by the tsetse is not unwholesome, if they are killed before emacia- tion and weakness supervene. 0. J. Andersson and Dr. Livingstone give extended accounts of the ravages of this insect. TSURUGi, a city and seaport of Japan, in the province of Echizen, at the head of a bay of the same name on the W. coast of the main island, about 200 m. W. of Tokio ; pop. about 20,000. It is almost the only good port on the W. side of the island, and attracts most of the junk and steamer trade. Its harbor is deep, spacious, and well protected. A canal con- necting the bay with Lake Biwa, and thence through the Yodo river with the Inland sea, has long been projected by the government, and a railroad to Kioto and Osaka is now in progress (1876). The district, around Tsuruga, which, contains several large towns, is noted for its rice, silk, tea, paper, lacquer, and cop- per. Granite is quarried. near the city, and lime is made in large quantities from marble. TUA5I, a town of Connaught, Ireland, in the county and 19 m. K K E. of the city of Gal- way, on both sides of the Harrow ; pop. in 18Y1, 4,223. It contains both a Protestant and a Roman Catholic cathedral, the latter one of the finest churches in Ireland, the Roman Catholic college of St. Jarlath, several public schools, a monastery, a nunnery, and a work- house. The manufactures are chiefly coarse linens. Tuam is a place of great antiquity, and had a cathedral founded by St. Jarlath in the 6th century. It is the see of a Roman Catholic archbishop, and was an archiepiscopal see of the established church till 1839, when it was reduced to a bishopric, with Killala and Achonry, suffragan to Armagh. TUARIKS, or Tnaregs, a people supposed to be of the Berber race, occupying the desert of Sahara westward from Fezzan to the Atlantic. According to their own traditions, they came originally from Canaan. They are Caucasian in feature, and, though of dark complexion, have straight hair, and bear no resemblance to any of the negro races. They are bold, war- like, and predatory, and live chiefly on booty and tribute exacted from the caravans crossing their country. They are very zealous Moham- medans, and are governed by independent chiefs. They are divided into several tribes, the principal being the Azkar Tuariks. The Tibboos, who occupy the portion of the desert between Fezzan and Egypt, are considered a branch of the same family. The total number of the Tuariks is estimated at somewhat less than 200,000. TUBERCLE. See CONSUMPTION. TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS. See BRAIN, DIS- EASES OF THE, vol. iii., p. 201. TUBEROSE, a plant of the amaryllis family, polianthes tuberosa, cultivated for its fragrant flowers. The generic name, from the supposi- tion that it refers to many flowers, is fre- quently written poly- anthes, but it was giv- en for the reason that it is especially a flow- er of cities (Gr. mM,*?, a city, and avdo?, a flower). The common name is from the spe- cific tuberosa, it hav- ing been called by the old French gardeners plante tutereuse; this is commonly corrupt- ed into tube rose, and the plant spoken of as if it were a variety of the rose. It has a solid, pear-shaped tu- ber, from the base of which proceed roots, and from the apex long, linear, chan- nelled leaves, and late in summer a stem 2 Jo 3 ft. high, the up- per part of which is crowded with short- pedicelled flowers, and the lower part bears a few short leaves; the flowers consist of a funnel-shaped, slightly curved tube, with six nearly equal, spreading lobes, often tinged with, rose without, creamy white within, with a powerful and, to some, oppressive fra- grance ; both single and double forms are cul- tivated. A few years ago an accidental variety appeared in the grounds of Mr. John Hender- son, Flushing, N. Y., which has been called "the Pearl," and is of especial value in having the stem only about half the usual height, while bearing quite as many flowers. In a commercial view the tuberose is one of the most important of florists' plants; it is but a few years since the bulbs were all imported, some from Holland, but the finest from Italy; after a while it was found that they would grow as well in New Jersey as in Holland, Double Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa).
