28 TULL reflexed sepals, and six petals, which are ar ranged in two rows, to form a bell-shapec corolla, 2 in. or more long, within which are numerous stamens, surrounding a cone-like mass of pistils crowded upon a long slender axis. In fruit the pistils ripen into woody one- or two-seeded keys, which fall away from the axis. The petals are greenish yellow, markec with orange, and have an orange spot at the base. The bark, especially that of the root, is bitter and aromatic, and sometimes used as a stimulant tonic. The wood, often called white wood, though it becomes yellowish upon ex- posure, is soft and easily worked, and is put to almost as many uses as that of the white pine ; it is easily bent to any required shape, which makes it useful in building circular staircases and other curved work ; it is much employed in carriage building for panels, and in cabinet work, especially for drawers. In localities where it is the most available timber, it is em- ployed in building. The western lumbermen almost invariably call the tree poplar (" pop- ple ") or yellow poplar ; an unfortunate mis- nomer, as it has no resemblance to or botani- cal relationship with the poplars. The tulip tree is pleasing when young, and when full grown forms a very stately object. There are several varieties in which the leaves deviate from the usual form, and one in which they are handsomely variegated with yellow; but the markings do not hold under our hot suns. Trees transplanted from the woods, unless they are very small, do not succeed, and this has given the impression that the tree is difficult to manage. It is easily raised from seeds, and nursery trees, produced in this way and transplanted a few times, may be removed without difficulty. TULL, Jethro, an English agriculturist, born about 1680, died in January, 1740. He owned an estate near Ilungerford, on the borders of Oxfordshire and Berkshire, and observing the advantage of cultivation of plants in rows, and of stirring and pulverizing the soil between them, he introduced this system of cultivating the soil. But he adopted the erroneous prin- ciple that manure was not essential, as finely pulverized earth and moisture were sufficient for the growth of plants. This ruined him, and brought discredit upon his system. He pub- lished a treatise on his new mode of cultivation (1731), and detached essays, which were col- lected in 1751, and republished by William Cob- bett in 1822. (See AGRICULTURE, vol. i., p. 208.) TULLE, a town of France, capital of the de- partment of Oorreze, and formerly of Lower Limousin, at the junction of the Solane with the Oorreze, 115 m. E. N. E. of Bordeaux ; pop. m 1872, 11,848. It has fine quays and prom- enades, a suburb, many bridges, a cathedral remarkable for Us tower, and a celebrated government factory of firearms. Among its manufactures are paper, playing cards, nails, eather, and coarse woollens; and it has a trade in horses, game, and neatsfoot oil. TULLY TfLLIUS, Serving. See SERVIUS TULLIUS. TCLLOCII, John, a Scottish clergyman, born at Tibbemuir, Perthshire, in 1822. He was edu- cated at the university of St. Andrews, and in 1844 was ordained a minister of the church of Scotland, with a charge at Dundee. After- ward he visited Germany, and studied specu- lative theology. In 1849 he removed to the parish of Kettins in Forfarshire, and in 1854 was appointed principal of St. Mary's college in the university of St. Andrews, which office he still holds (1876). In 1855 he received a Burnett prize of 600 on the " Being and At- tributes of God." He has published "Lead- ers of the Keformation" (1859); "English Puritanism and its Leaders" (1861); "Begin- ning Life : Chapters for Young Men " (1862) ; " The Christ of the Gospel and the Christ of Modern Criticism : Lectures on M. Kenan's Vie de Jesus " (1864) ; and " Rational Theology and Christian Philosophy in England in the Seventeenth Century " (2 vols., 1872). TULLCS IIOSTILIIS, the third king of Rome, said to have reigned from about 678 to about 641 B. C. The most memorable event of his reign, according to the legend, is the war with Alba, celebrated by the combat between the Horatii and the Curiatii, and the consequent acknowledgment by the Albans of Roman su- premacy. In the war against Fidente, an Al- ban army was led to the assistance of Rome by Mettus Fuffetius, the Alban dictator, who intended to go over to the enemy at the criti- cal moment. Tullus discovered the treach- ery, had the traitor torn in pieces from chariot wheels, razed Alba to the ground, and trans- ferred the inhabitants to Rome, where the great mass of them became the Roman pleba, After these successes Rome was afflicted with a pestilence, and the king himself was seized with the disease. Having found the formula with which Numa had sacrificed to Jupiter Elicius, ho attempted to call down the god, but fell into an error, and the god destroyed the king and his household by lightning. TULLY, William, an American physician, born in Saybrook, Conn., Nov. 18, 1785, died in Springfield, Mass., Feb. 28, 1859. He graduated at Yale college in 1806, studied medicine, and in 1808 settled at Milford, Conn. He removed about 1815 to Upper Middletown, now Crom- well, Conn., where he became intimate with Dr. Thomas Miner, whose views in relation to the nature and treatment of spotted fever he adopted; and in 1823 ho published with him ihe essays known as "Miner and Tully on Fever." In 1824 he was elected president and srofessor of materia medica in the medical in- stitution at Castleton, Vt. In 1827 he removed irst to Albany, and afterward to Castleton. He was professor of materia medica in the medical institution of Yale college from 1830 to 1841, when he resigned. In 1851 he re- moved to Springfield, Mass., where he prepared a work on materia medica (vol. i. in 2 parts, Springfield, 1857-'60).
