348 VICTORIA FALLS VIEN ess Maria, only daughter of the emperor Alex- ander II. of Russia; Helena, 1840, married in 1866 to Prince Christian of Schleswig-hol- stein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg; Louise, 1848, married in 1871 to the marquis of Lome; Arthur, 1850; Leopold, 1853; and Beatrice, 1857. See " The Early Days of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort," compiled under the direction of the queen by Lieut. Gen. C. Grey (1867) ; " Leaves from the Journal of our Life in the Highlands" (1868), in which she was assisted by Sir Arthur Helps ; and "Life of the Prince Consort " (1874), prepared under her direction by Theodore Martin. VICTORIA FALLS. See ZAMBESI. VICTORIA VUV/l. See N'YANZA. VICTORIA REGIA. See WATEE LILY. YIIT.S'A. See LLAMA. VIDA, Marco Girolaao, an Italian poet, born in Cremona about 1485, died at Alba, Sept. 27, 1566. He studied at Padua and- Bologna, and entered the order of the canons of St. Mark at Mantua. Subsequently he became canon of St. John Lateran in Rome, and prior of San Silvestro at Frascati. and in 1532 bishop of Alba. He was one of the most learned schol- ars and best Latin poets of his day. He wrote also in Italian. His best production is a met- rical treatise De Arte Poetica (liome, 1527), which, as well as his Christina, has been trans- lated into English. His poem on chess, Scttc- chice Ludm, was translated by Goldsmith. VIDIl's, Vidns, the Latinized name of Grioo GUIDI, an Italian physician, born in Florence about 1500, died in Pisa, May 26, 1569. Early in life he was called to France, where he was appointed first physician to Francis I., and ac- quired great reputation both as a practitioner and as a lecturer. After the death of Francis I. he returned to Italy, where he became phy- sician to Cosmo de' Medici, a member of the Florentine academy, and finally professor of medicine in the university of Pisa. His name is perpetuated in the anatomical designation of the Vidian nerve, a filament running from the spheno-palatine ganglion of the sympathetic at the base of the skull, backward through a spe- cial canal in the pterygoid bone, and connected by a double branch with the petrous portion of the facial nerve and the carotid plexus of the sympathetic. Vidius published many works on the institutes of medicine, hygiene, thera- peutics, fevers, aliment, materia medica, and anatomy. They were all collected by his neph- ew of the same name, physician to the queen of France (3 vols., Venice, 1614). YIDOCQ, Eu&nt Francois, a French detective, born in Arras, July 23, 1775, died in Paris, May 10, 1857. He began life as a baker, and early became the terror of his companions by his athletic frame and violent disposition. At the same time he was a notorious thief, and after many disgraceful adventures turned up as a soldier, and then as a spy. He was im- prisoned at Arras at the instance of the ter- rorist Lebon, whose sister he married after his release. He accused her of faithlessness, en- listed in the army, and in 1796 returned to Paris with some money, which he soon squandered. Next ho was sentenced at Lille to eight years' hard labor for forgery, but repeatedly escaped ; and in 1808 he became connected with the Paris police as a private detective. His ante- cedents enabled him to render important ser- vices, and he was appointed chief of the brigade de surete (safety brigade), chiefly composed of reprieved convicts and others of similar char- acter, which purged Paris of the many dan- gerous classes. In 1818 he received a full par- don, and his connection with this service lasted till about 1828, when he settled at St. Mand6 as a paper manufacturer. Soon after the July revolution he became a political detective, but with little success. In 1836 he opened an office to aid in the recovery of stolen property, but it was closed by the police, and he narrowly escaped imprisonment. In 1848 he was again employed under the republican government, but he died penniless. Many works which he did not write appeared under his name, in- cluding Let trais mysteres de Paris (7 vols., Paris, 1844), and Les chauffeurs du nord (5 vols., 1845-'6) ; some authorities also deny his authorship of his Memoire* (4 vols., 1828 ; Eng- lish translation, London, 1828). The best sketch 6f Vidocq is by M. B. Maurin (Paris, 1858). YIEL-CASTEL. I. Horace de, count, a French author, born about 1797, died Oct. 1, 1864. He first published a Collection de costumes, armes et meubles (3 vols., Paris, 1826 ; 2d ed., 1834), and afterward maijy novels of fashion- able life, including Madame la duchesse (1836), Gerard de Stolberg (1837), Mile, de Verdun (1838), and La noblense de province (4 vols., 1841-'2). He also produced several volumes relating to Marie Antoinette (1858-'9), and Les tratailleurs de 1792, consisting of documents relating to the reign of terror (1862). II. Louis de, baron, a French historian, brother of the preceding, born Oct. 14, 1800. He was employed in the foreign office from 1818 to 1821 ; in the latter year ho was attached to the legation at Madrid, and in 1828 to that at Vienna. In 1829 he became subdirector of the political department in the foreign minis- try, retired in 1830, but held the office again from 1831 to 1848; and from 1849 till the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, he was director. In 1853 he retired from public service and began to prepare his Histoire de la restaura- tion (17 vols., 1860-'76 ; still in progress). His other works include Essai historique eur let deux Pitt (2 vols., 1846). YIEN, Joseph Marie, a French *painter, born in Montpellier, Juno 18, 1716, died in Paris, March 27, 1809. His " Plague of the Israelites in the Time of David " gained him the grand prize of the French academy in 1743, and a pension from the government, enabling him to spend six years at Rome. In 1754 he was elected to the French academy, and in 1775 became director of the French school of art
