VIRGINIA 381 in Mecklenburg co., had in 1875-' 6 167 stu- dents, Richmond college (Baptist), in Rich- mond, has been in existence since 1840, and in 1875-'6 had 7 instructors and 148 students. Roanoke college (Lutheran), at Salem, was es- tablished in 1852, and in 1875-'6 had 9 instruc- tors and 171 students, of whom 123 were in the collegiate and 48 in the preparatory depart- ment. (See VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF, WASH- INGTON AND LEE UNIVEESITT, and WILLIAM AND MARY, COLLEGE OF.) Prominent among the in- stitutions for the superior instruction of women are the Martha Washington college at Abing- don, Hollins institute at Botetourt Springs, Roanoke female college at Danville, Farmville female college, Petersburg female college and southern female college in Petersburg, Rich- mond female institute, and Augusta female seminary, Staunton female seminary, Virginia female institute, and Wesleyan female insti- tute, in Staunton. Instruction in science is afforded by the Hampton normal and agricul- tural institute, the Virginia agricultural and mechanical college, the Virginia military in- stitute, and the scientific departments of the university of Virginia and Washington and Lee university ; in law by the law departments of Richmond college, the university of Vir- ginia, and Washington and Lee university ; and in medicine by the medical department of the university of Virginia and the medical college of Virginia. The last named insti- tution, established in 1851, is in Richmond. . The Protestant Episcopal theological semi- nary, near Alexandria, opened in 1823 and chartered in 1854, has a course of study occupying three years and a preparatory de- partment. In 1875-'6 there were besides the president 3 professors and 40 students in the seminary, and 2 instructors and 11 pupils in the preparatory department. The library con- tains 10,000 volumes. The theological semi- nary of the general synod of the Evangelical Lutheran church in North America, established at Lexington, S. C., in 1831, was removed to Salem, Roanoke co., Va., in 1872 ; and in 1875 -'6 there were 3 professors and 11 students. The union theological seminary of the general assembly of the Presbyterian church, estab- lished in 1824, is at Hampden Sidney in Prince Edward co. The course of instruction occupies three years. In 1875-'6 there were 4 instruc- tors and 74 students. St. John's theological seminary (Roman Catholic) is in Norfolk. According to the census of 1870, the total number of libraries in the state was 4,171, hav- ing 1,107,313 volumes. Of these, 2,762 with 721,203 volumes were private, and 1,409 with 386,020 volumes other than private, including two state libraries with 22,700 volumes; 12 court and law, 2,117; 4 school and college, 50,000; 1,146 Sabbath school, 182,436; 232 church, 75,233 ; and 12 circulating, 52,781. In 1876 the state library in Richmond had 30,000 volumes, and that of the university of Virginia 36,000. In 1870 there were published in the DENOMINATIONS. Organi- zations. Edi- ficei. Sitting!. Property. Baptist, regular 795 749 240 075 $1 279 048 " other 54 44 16765 66000 Christian 100 88 29225 92170 Episcopal, Protestant Friends 185 12 177 18 60,105 4,925 848,210 85,625 Jewish 8 7 ] 890 85 800 Lutheran 80 78 25,850 160,800 Methodist 1,011 901 270,617 I,449i665 Moravian (Unitas Fratrum) New Jerusalem (Sweden- borgian) 1 1 8 850 550 1,500 2,200 Presbyterian, regular Reformed church in Ame- rica (late Dutch .Re- formed) 204 200 1 70,065 100 887,450 850 Reformed church in the United States (late Ger- man Reformed) 24 16 6900 88,500 Roman Catholic 19 17 9 800 848760 United brethren in Christ. . Unknown (local mission) . . Unknown (union) 42 1 '42 80 1 84 7,700 150 21,570 28,800 6,000 62,600 state 114 newspapers and periodicals, with an aggregate circulation of 143,840, and issuing annually 13,319,578 copies. Of these, 16 were daily, with a circulation of 24,099 ; 7 tri-week- ly, 4,800; 8 semi- weekly, 7,033; 69 weekly, 75,488 ; 4 semi-monthly, 4,520 ; and 10 month- ly, 27,900. The total number in 1875 was 142, including 21 daily, 4 tri-weekly, 9 semi-weekly, 92 weekly, 5 semi-monthly, and 11 monthly. The total number of religious organizations in 1870 was 2,582, having 2,405 edifices with 765,127 sittings, and property valued at $5,277,- 368. The denominations were as follows: The name Virginia was given by Queen Eliza- beth to the region (now North Carolina) dis- covered in 1584 by persons sent out by Raleigh. All the country from lat. 34 to 45 N. was afterward known as Virginia, being divided into the first or southern, and the second or northern colony ; the latter was subsequently called New England. In 1606 James I. granted to the London company the exclusive right to the territory from lat. 34 to 38 N., and ex- tending into the interior 100 m. from the sea coast. The country from 41 to 45 N. was granted to another company, while the in- termediate district from 38 to 41 was left open to the competition of both. The 105 colonists sent out by the London company founded Jamestown on the N. bank of James river, May 13, 1607, which was the first per- manent settlement by the English in America. The three ships were under the command of Christopher Newport, and the expedition was accompanied by Bartholomew Gosnold, John Smith, Edward Maria Wingfield, a merchant, and the Rev. Robert Hunt. The colony met with reverses, and was only saved from a disastrous end by Capt. John Smith. (See SMITH, JOHN.) In 1609 the London compa- ny was reorganized, and received a grant of territory extending 200 m. N. and the same distance S. of Old Point Comfort, and west- ward to the Pacific. The governing council was superseded by a governor to be appointed by the company's council in England, which
