Blue Earth river ; area, 432 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,854; in 1875, 9,994. The surface is undulating, diversified by prairie and wood- land, and the soil is fertile. It is traversed by the Winona and St. Peter railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 400,288 bushels of wheat, 98,478 of Indian corn, 208,243 of oats, 30,092 of potatoes, 224,227 Ibs. of butter, and 20,445 tons of hay. There were 2,043 horses, 2,593 milch cows, 4,272 other cattle, 2,617 sheep, and 3,188 swine. Capital, W T aseca. WASHINGTON, a territory of the United States, between lat. 45 30' and 49 K, and Ion. 117 and 124 45' W.; greatest length, E. and W., 340 m. ; greatest breadth, 240 m. ; area, 69,994 sq. m. It is bounded N". by the strait of Fuca (separating it from Vancouver island) and British Columbia ; E. by Idaho, from which it is partly separated by Snake river ; S. by Oregon, from which it is mostly separated by Columbia river ; and W. by the Pacific ocean and the canal de Haro, the latter connecting the strait of Fuca and the gulf of Georgia, and separating Washington from Vancouver island. It is divided into 24 counties, viz. : Chehalis, Clallam, Clarke, Columbia, Cowlitz, Island, Jefferson, King, Kitsap, Klikitat, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, San Juan, Skamania,Snohomish, Stevens, Thurston, Wahkiakum, Walla Walla, Whatcom, Whitman, Yakima. The principal cities and towns, all small, are Olympia (the capital), Port Townsend, Seattle, Steilacoom, Tacoma, and Tumwater, on Puget sound ; Ka- lama and Vancouver, on Columbia river, W. of the Cascade mountains ; and Walla Walla, in the S. E. part of the territory. The population in 1853 was 3,965; in 1860, 11,594; in 1870, 23,955, including 207 colored persons, 234 Chi- nese, and 1,319 non-tribal Indians; in 1875, estimated by the governor at 36,000. Of the population in 1870, 18,931 were native and 5,024 foreign born, 14,990 males and 8,965 females. Of the natives, 6,932 were born in the territory, 1,673 in Oregon, 1,097 in New York, 967 in Illinois, 946 in Missouri, 866 in Ohio, 859 in Maine, 806 in Indiana, 749 in Io- wa, 527 in Pennsylvania, 412 in California, and 402 in Kentucky. Of the foreigners, 2,190 were natives of the British isles, including 1,047 Irish, 1,121 of British America, and 645 of Germany. There were 3,332 males and 3,126 females between 5 and 18 years of age, 7,835 males from 18 to 45, and 9,241 males 21 years old and upward, of whom 7,902 were citi- zens of the United States and 1,339 unnatu- ralized foreigners. The number of families was 5,673, with an average of 4'22 persons to each; of dwellings, 6,066, with an average of 3-95 to each. Of persons 10 years old and upward (17,334), 1,018 could not read, and 1,307 could not write ; 9,760 were re- turned as engaged in all occupations, of whom 3,771 were employed in agriculture, 2,207 in professional and personal services, 1,129 in trade and transportation, and 2,653 in manufactures and mining. Less than a third AGENCIES. Reservations, acre*. Indiani. Colville, in the northeast 2800000 8117 Neah Bay, on the coast 23040 653 Quinaielt, on the coast 224,000 5T3 Nisqually, on Puget sound 32200 1 829 Skokomish, on Puget sound 4,987 860 Tulalip, on Puget sound 49281 8250 Yakima, in the south 800 000 8650 Total 8,933,508 18,322 469 of the inhabitants are E. of the Cascade moun- tains, and these are mostly in Walla "Walla and Columbia counties ; a majority of those W. of that range are settled around Puget sound, and the rest chiefly on the Columbia. There are seven Indian agencies in the territory for the supervision of the tribal Indians, the names and location of which, with the size of reser- vations and number of Indians belonging to each agency, according to the report of the United States commissioner of Indian affairs for 1875, are as follows: These Indians are divided into about 40 small tribes. The territory, in its topography, cli- mate, and productions, strongly resembles Oregon. It is divided by the Cascade moun- tains into two portions, eastern Washington and western Washington, differing in their general features. The former contains about 50,000 sq. m., and the latter about 20,000. The Cascade mountains extend across the territory from Oregon to British Columbia. The high- est peaks, proceeding from the north, are Mt. Baker (11,100 ft.), Mt. Ranier (14,444 ft.), Mt. St. Helen's (9,750 ft.), and Mt. Adams (9,570 ft.). In eastern Washington the surface is generally high, rolling, and irregular, with oc- casional plains. The Blue mountains extend from Oregon into the S. E. corner. The three principal divisions of western Washington are the Columbia basin, which back from the river bottoms is high and broken ; the valley of the Chehalis river, embracing 2,000 sq. m., and varying in width from 15 to 50 m. ; and the basin of Puget sound, embracing 12,000 sq. m. The Coast mountains, near the Pacific, attain prominence only in the northwest, between Puget sound and the ocean, culminating in Mt. Olympus, 8,138 ft. high. The territory has a coast line on the Pacific of about 180 m. The most noted headlands are Cape Dis- appointment or Hancock at the mouth of the Columbia and Cape Flattery at the entrance of the strait of Fuca. The principal inden- tations are Shoalwater bay, a little N. of the Columbia, and Gray's harbor, some miles fur- ther N. ; they are not readily accessible by large vessels. The strait of Fuca extends E. for 80 m., and then divides into two channels, Resario strait on the east and the canal de Haro on the west, which enclose the archi- pelago of Washington sound, and connect on the north with the gulf of Georgia. The chief islands of the archipelago are San Juan, Orcas, and Lopez. (See SAN JUAN.) At the E. end
