550 WELLINGTON WELLS noes from Fuenterrabia to Roncesvalles, where he had a series of engagements with Soult, and drove him into France. On Aug. 31 St. Sebastian was taken by Storm. On Oct. 7 Wellington crossed the Bidassoa, cut off Soult from Bayonne, and blockaded 13,000 men in garrison in that fortress. He issued stringent orders to protect the population, but could not restrain his allies from plunder, and so sent them back to Spain. On Oct. 31 Pam- plona surrendered. On Feb. 27, 1814, Wel- lington defeated Soult at Orthez, and send- ing Beresford to occupy Bordeaux, he forced Soult back to Toulouse, and there again de- feated him on April 10. He entered the city on the 12th, heard of the occupation of the French capital by the allies, and left for Paris on the 30th. In May he was made duke. In June he returned to London, where he received the thanks of parliament and a pension of 10,- 000. In August he was sent as ambassador to Paris. In January, 1815, he replaced Lord Oastlereagh in the congress of Vienna. When Napoleon returned from Elba Wellington urged the sending of a largo force to the Nether- lands, of which he took command in April, fixing his headquarters at Brussels. On Juno 18 he fought his final battle. (See WATERLOO.) On June 21 ho crossed the French frontier and marched upon Paris, where on his arrival an armistice was concluded. In his treatment of the vanquished he showed himself superior to Bluchor, Gneisenau, and other allied gen- erals. His share of Waterloo prize money was 60,000. The king of the Netherlands made him prince of Waterloo. In 1817 the British nation gave him the estate of Strathfield- saye, Hampshire, costing 263,000. In 1818 he was made field marshal of Austria, Prussia, and Russia, attended the congress of Aix-la- Ohapelle, and sat in parliament, where ho rare- ly took part in debate, but steadily voted with the tories. On Jan. 1, 1819, he was made mas- ter general of ordnance, thus obtaining a seat in the cabinet, which he held till the dissolu- tion of the Liverpool ministry in February, 1827. In October, 1819, he was gazetted gov- ernor of Plymouth. In 1822 he attended the congress of Verona, in 1826 was ambassador at St. Petersburg, and in 1827 succeeded the duko of York as commander-in-chief. From January, 1828, to November, 1830, he was prime minister, resigning his command of the array, but resuming it in 1842 and holding it till his death. During his premiership he as- sented to the Catholic emancipation bill, which he had previously opposed, his change of opin- ion leading to many newspaper attacks, and to a duel with Lord Winchelsea in which neither was harmed. In 1829 he was made governor of Dover and warden of the cinque ports. In 1832 he opposed the reform bill, for which he was hooted at in the streets, the windows of Apsley house, his town residence, were smash- ed, and an attempt was made to burn his coun- try house. In January, 1834, he was installed as chancellor of the university of Oxford. In 1834-'5 he was secretary of state for foreign affairs ; and in 1841 ho again became a mem- ber of the cabinet as minister without office, and supported Peel in his free-trade measures. In 1845-'6 he was president of the privy coun- cil. On June 22, 1852, he made his last speech in parliament. His death, from apoplexy, was generally considered a blow to the whole coun- try, and the public grief was profound. His body lay in state five days at Chelsea, and on Nov. 22 a public funeral of unprecedented magnificence and honors followed his remains to St. Paul's cathedral. In person the duko was of middle height, strongly built, with keen gray eyes, a long face, an aquiline nose, and a cheerful countenance. He was apparently in full health the night before ho died. The more important biographies of Wellington are those of Wright (4 vols., London, 1839-'41), Maxwell (3 vols., 1839-'41 ; 6th ed., 1862), Stocqueler (2 vols., 1852-'3), Brialmont (3 vols., Paris, 1856-'7; English translation with emen- dations and additions by Gleig, 4 vols., Lon- don, 1858-'60 ; popular abridged ed. revised, 1875), and Yonge (2 vols., 1860). See also the "Despatches of the Duke of Wellington during his various Campaigns," &c. (13 vols., London, 1834-'9 ; 2d series, 12 vols., 1844- 1 65), edited by Col. Gurwood; and the "Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda " (17 vols., 1858- '73), edited by his son Arthur Richard, second duke of Wellington, who is preparing for pub- lication (1876) a continuation of the supple- mentary series, with additional correspondence, and memoranda of the life of his father. WELLS, a N. E. county of Indiana, intersect- ed by the Wabash river ; area, 872 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 13,585. It has a rolling surface, and the soil is very fertile. There is an abun- dance of excellent timber. It is intersected by the Fort Wayne, Muncio, and Cincinnati rail- road. The chief productions in 1870 were 238,000 bushels of wheat, 177,630 of Indian corn, 82,524 of oats, 27,758 of potatoes, 360,- 709 Ibs. of butter, 19,365 of cheese, 63,336 of wool, and 12,413 tons of hay. There were 5,206 horses, 4,643 milch cows, 5,106 other cattle, 21,723 sheep, and 15,470 swine ; 9 man- ufactories of carriages and wagons, 8 planing mills, and 28 saw mills. Capital, Bluffton. WELLS, Dm id Ames, an American economist, born in Springfield, Mass., June 17, 1828. He graduated at Williams college in 1847, and at the Lawrence scientific school in 1851. From 1865 to 1870 he was employed by the govern- ment as a commissioner to inquire into ques- tions of revenue and taxation, and published 15 reports on these subjects, some of which were reproduced in England, France, and Ger- many. In 1870-73 he was employed by the legislature of New York as a commissioner on taxation, and submitted two reports with a plan of a code, all republished in Europe. In 1872 he became university lecturer on political science in Yale college. In 1873 he delivered
