778 YEDO YEKATERINOSLAV or sesquicarbonate of soda may be used in connection with sour milk, or tartaric acid, or bitartrate of potash. Sometimes the add and carbonate are mingled together in a perfectly dry state, and are therefore mixed with the flour at the same time previous to wetting. Phosphate of lime has been added to baking powders with the intention of restoring the phosphates which may have been lost with the bran in bolting the flour. Carbonic acid is also added to the dough of bread mechanically, under pressure, and such bread is called aera- ted bread. Beer yeast may also be used in the form of powder, or in cakes, by mixing it with flour or Indian meal, and drying it. It is usual to allow the paste to ferment after the yeast is added to the flour. YEDO. See TOKIO. YEISK, a town of European Russia, in the Cis- caucasian territory of the Kuban, at the mouth of the Yeya, 125 m. K N. W. of Yekaterino- dar; pop. about 30,000. It was built in 1848, on a tongue of land which separates the Yeisk estuary from the sea of Azov, and has become an important centre of trade and industry. The principal exports are grain, wool, and linseed. YEKATERINBURG, a city of Russia, on the Asiatic or E. side of the Ural mountains, on the Isset, in the government and 180 m. S. E. of the city of Perm; pop. in 1867, 24,500. It is the administrative capital and chief emporium of the Ural mining districts. It has two ca- thedrals, ten other churches, some palatial resi- dences, gardens and parks, an observatory, a mineralogical museum, a chemical laboratory, a mining and other schools, a mint for copper coinage, and government iron works and ma- chine shops. The rich mines in the vicinity include copper, and especially iron and plati- num, which last is found almost exclusively in this region. The gold washings in the Isset are of some importance. Malachite and other precious stones, brought from Siberia, are worked at the great lapidary establishments. Jasper vases are ornamented with delicate carvings, executed with extraordinary skill and taste by workmen engaged at very low wages. The " granite " works, which belong to the government, turn out columns, pedestals, tables, and many other articles unrivalled in workmanship. Yekaterinburg was founded by Peter the Great in 1722, and was named after the empress Catharine I. YEKATERINODAR, a town of European Rus- sia, capital of the Ciscaucasian territory of the Kuban, on the left bank of the river Kuban, 140 m. S. by W. of Azov; pop. in 1867, 8,765. It is a wretched place, surrounded by morasses. Gardens are attached to the houses, which are mostly of earth, though a few are of wood. It has a cathedral with six modern towers, and a Tcrepost or timber fortress, where the hetinan of the Cossacks resides. YEKATERINOGRAD, a fortified town of Euro- pean Russia, in the Ciscaucasian territory of the Terek, on the left bank of the river Terek, 20 m. W. of Mozdok ; pop. about 5,000. It is a chief military Cossack station, and is noted for its abundance of pheasants, which form the principal food. It was founded in 1777 by Potemkin, in whose honor Catharine II. erect- ed here an arch of stone. YEK.ATERINOSLAV. I. A government of South Russia or New Russia, bordering on the gov- Yekaterinburg. Taurida, the sea of Azov, and the Don Cos- sack territory; area, 26,146 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,352,300, including Great Russians, Cossacks, Germans, Tartars, Persians, Greeks, Jews, Armenians, Georgians, Arnauts, Bulga-
