804 ZAMOJSKI ZANESVILLE The falls cannot be reached from the coast without a journey of at least three months, with a like period for the return, during which a party must carry their supplies with them. See Livingstone, " Expedition to the Zambesi " (1866); Baines, " Travels in Southwestern Af- rica" (London, 1864), and "The Victoria Falls, Zambesi River, sketched on the spot" (1866); and " To the Victoria Falls of the Zambesi," by Ed. Mohr (London, 1876). ZAMOJSKI, or Zamoyskl. I. Jan, a Polish statesman, born at Skok6w, in the palatinate of Chelm, in 1541, died at Zamosc in 1605. He was educated at Paris, Strasburg, and Pa- dua, and after his return to Poland in 1565 soon rose to high positions. On the death of King Sigismund Augustus in 1572, he suc- ceeded in extending the elective franchise of the equestrian order, in consequence of which Henry of Anjou (afterward Henry III. of France) was chosen king of Poland. The new king made him grand chamberlain. . Up- on the abandonment of Poland by Henry, a party of nobles elected Maximilian II. of Aus- tria, but Zamojski placed himself at the head of the movement which gave the crown to Stephen Bathori of Transylvania, who made him grand chancellor of the kingdom, and in 1580, during the war with Russia, oommander- in-chief of the army, with the title of hetman. In 1582 he brought about the favorable peace with Russia ; but the enmity which his favor with the king, whose niece he married, had ex- cited, and his unpopularity for the share he had in the reforms of Bathori and in the exe- cution of a nobleman, Samuel Zborowski, led him to retire to a great extent from public life. After the death of Bathori in 1586, he might have secured the crown for himself; but he used his influence in favor of Sigismund III., the son of the king of Sweden, defeated the army of the opposing candidate, the archduke Maximilian, at Cracow, pursued him into Si- lesia, and took him and his forces prisoners. From 1590 till near the close of his life he almost alone maintained the integrity of the state, fighting successfully against Turks, Tar- tars, Cossacks, Moldavians, and Swedes, and oftentimes supporting the army from his pri- vate fortune. Increasing infirmities finally compelled him to retire to his estates, where he devoted himself to literary pursuits. He founded Zamoso, which became one of the strongest fortresses of Poland, established there an academy and a printing press, and mu- nificently promoted letters and science. His writings include Testamentum Joannis 2!amo- ri (Mentz, 1606). II. Andrwj, count, a states- man, born in 1716, died in Zamosc, Feb. 10, 1792. He entered the military service of Sax- ony, but returned to Poland in 1754 with the rank of major general. In 1760 he emanci- pated his serfs, a measure which met with much opposition from the nobility. On the accession of Stanislas Augustus he was ap- pointed grand chancellor ; but when, in 1767, the Russian general Repnin had several sena- tors and bishops transported to Kaluga, he resigned his office. In 1776, at the request of the diet, he drew up a code of laws, published under the title of Zbior praw ggdowych (3 vols., Warsaw, 1778). The liberal character of the code, especially its provision for a general mea- sure of emancipation, aroused against it so great a hostility, that it was not adopted till 1791. ZAMORA. I. A N. W. province of Spain, for- merly part of the kingdom of Leon, bordering on the provinces of Orense, Leon, Valladolid, and Salamanca, and on Portugal; area, 4,135 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 250,968. The surface is generally level, and the climate temperate and healthful. The principal rivers are the Douro, which intersects it, and its tributary the Esla. Grain, wine, and fruits are abundantly raised, and there are mines of antimony and argen- tiferous lead. Manufactures are backward. II. A city, capital of the province, on the right bank of the Douro, 133 m. N. W. of Madrid; pop. about 12,000. It is the seat of a bishop, has a theological seminary, a Gothic cathe- dral containing the grave of St. Ildefonso, 22 churches, 16 convents, and three hospitals. Serges, hats, leather, distilled liquors, flour, &C, are manufactured, and there is a consider- able trade in wine and grain. Zamora was recovered from the Moors in 748 by Alfonso the Catholic, and in 985 was retaken and de- stroyed by Almanzor. It was rebuilt under Ferdinand II. and Alfonso VIII., and was at times the capital of the kingdom of Leon and Castile. It was sacked by the French in 1808. ZAMORA, Antonio de, a Spanish dramatist, born in the latter half of the 17th century, died after 1730. He was a chamberlain of King Philip V. His plays have been collected in two volumes, the best being Mazariegos y Momalves, El hechizado por fuerza, and his Don Juan after Tirso de Molina's El lurlador de Secilla, 6 el convidado de piedra, which fur- nished the groundwork of the modern treat- ment of the subject. ZAMPIERI. See DOMENIOHINO. /ANCLE. See MESSINA. ZANESVILLE, a city and the county seat of Muskingum co., Ohio, on both sides of the Mnskingum river, at the mouth of Licking river, 78 m. above the junction of the former with the Ohio, and 59 m. E. of Columbus ; pop. in 1850, 7,929 ; in 1860, 9,229 ; in 1870, 10,011; in 1873, 16,536; in 1876, locally esti- mated at more than 21,000. The Muskingum is here crossed by an iron railroad bridge 538 ft. long, and three other bridges. The city is well built, with wide regular streets, lighted with gas, and has water works costing more than $500,000, street railroads, a paid fire de- partment, and a stone court house costing $300,000. The water is pumped from the river into reservoirs at an elevation of 194 ft., whence it U distributed through 30 m. of mains. Railroad communication is furnished by the Baltimore and Ohio (Central Ohio divi-
