ZEISBEEGER to the southwest. Zeilah is built on a low sandy point, and is surrounded by a mud wall. The anchorage in the harbor is shallow, and large vessels cannot approach within a mile of the landing. There is a considerable trade with Arabian ports, the chief exports being ivory, myrrh, ostrich feathers, and gums. This port, the last foothold of Turkey on the African coast of the Eed sea, was ceded to Egypt by the sultan in July, 1875, in consideration of 15,000 additional tribute. ZEISBERGEB, David, a Moravian missionary, born at Zauchtenthal, in Moravia, April 11, 1721, died at Goshen, Tuscarawas co., Ohio, Nov. 17, 1808. He was educated by the Mora- vians in Saxony, and afterward lived at their settlement of Nerrendyk, Holland. Thence he went to England, and was aided by Gen. Oglethorpe in joining his parents, who had several years before emigrated to Georgia. He went to the north in 1740, and was one of the founders of the Moravian colony of Bethlehem, Pa. Soon afterward he became a missionary to the Indians, and labored among the Delawares at Shamokin, Pa., and the Iro- quois at Onondaga, till after the breaking out of war in 1754. On the return of peace after the conspiracy of Pontiac, he led the rem- nant of the Christian Indians, who had found a refuge in Philadelphia, to "Wyalusing on the Susquehanna, in Bradford co., Pa. In 1767 he established a church among the Mon- seys on the Alleghany, in what is now Ve- nango co. In 1772 he penetrated the wilder- ness still further, explored the Muskingum region, and laid out a town, Schoenbrunn, on the Tuscarawas, about 10 m. from the present Canal Dover, Ohio. In time he was joined by all the Moravian Indians of Penn- sylvania. Two more villages were built, and other missionaries were employed. In 1781 a body of Wyandot warriors, instigated by the British commandant at Detroit, broke up these settlements and compelled the Christian In- dians to remove to Sandusky. Zeisberger and his assistants were grossly maltreated. In March, 1782, 96 of his flock, men, women, and children, who had gone from Sandusky to their former homes to gather their corn, were treacherously murdered at Gnadenhutten by a party of the white settlers. This was a death blow to the Moravian mission among the Indians. Most of the converts dispersed ; with a small remnant Zeisberger went to the Clinton river, and built an Indian town, in what is now the state of Michigan. In l786, at the head of his little band, he went back to the S. shores of Lake Erie, and in 1787 be- gan a new settlement, which he called New Salem, one mile from the lake (now in Huron co., Ohio) ; but in 1791 the hostility of other Indians obliged them to emigrate to Canada, where they founded Fairfield, on the river Thames. In 1798, congress having granted to the Moravian Indians the tract of land in the valley of the Tuscarawas upon which they ZELLER 809 had formerly been settled, Zeisberger returned with some of his converts, and established a new station, to which he gave the name of Goshen. There he preached until the close of his life. His published works are : a Delaware and English spelling book (Philadelphia, 1776) ; a collection of hymns in Delaware (1803) ; "Sermons to Children," in Delaware (1803); a ' Harmony of the Four Gospels," in Delaware (New York, 1821) ; and an essay on Delaware conjugation, in Vater's Analekten der Sprach- kunde (Leipsic, 1821). Other important works of his relating to the Indian languages remain in manuscript; among the rest a Delaware grammar and dictionary, in the library of Har- vard university, and an Iroquois dictionary, deposited in the library of the American philo- sophical society at Philadelphia. See "Life and Times of David Zeisberger," by Edmund Alexander de Schweinitz (Philadelphia, 1870), and John Hecke welder's " Narrative of the Missions among the Delaware and Mohegan Indians" (Philadelphia, 1820). /KIT/, a town of Prussia, in the province of Saxony, on the White Elster, 23 m. S. S. W. of Leipsic; pop. in 1871, 15,417. From 1663 to 1717 it was the capital of the sovereign duchy of Saxe-Zeitz. The ducal residence is now a penitentiary. The town has a gymnasium and an industrial school. Cotton and woollen cloths, pianos, and leather are manufactured in increasing quantities. There are large coal mines in the vicinity. ZELLE. See CELLE. ZELLER, Edoard, a German scholar, born at Kleinbottwar, Wurtemberg, Jan. 22, 1814. He studied in Tubingen under Strauss and Baur, and in Berlin under Neander, lectured on theology in the former university, and was one of the founders of the Theologische Jahr- Mcher, the organ of the new Tubingen school. Despite the opposition of the orthodox Swiss, he was professor of theology at Bern from 1847 to 1849. In the latter year he became professor of philosophy at Marburg, in 1862 at Heidelberg, and in 1872 at Berlin. He has published Platonische Studien (Tubingen, 1839) ; Die Philosophie der Griechen (3 vols., 1844-'52; 2d ed., revised, 1856-'68; 3d ed., 1869-'76 ; English translation, " Socrates and the Socratic Schools," by O. J. Reichel, Lon- don, 1868, and "The Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics," by the same, 1869) ; Oeschichte der ehristlichen Kirche (Stuttgart, 1847); Das theologische System ZwingWs (Tubingen, 1853) ; Die Apostelgeschichte nach ihrem Inha.lt und Ursprung (Stuttgart, 1854; English transla- tion, "The Acts of the Apostles critically Examined," by Joseph Dare, London, 1875) ; Vortrage und Abhandlungen (Leipsic, 1865; 2d ed., 1875-'6); Stoat und Kirche (1873); and David Friedrich Strauss in seinem Leben und seinen Schriften gescUldert (1874 ; English translation, London, 1874). ZELLER, Jnles Silvain, a French historian, born in Paris, April 23, 1820. He has taught
