MANN
MANN
and settled in Cambridge. Mass. He received but
a limited education as his father, who was a small
farmer in Franklin, died in 1809 and he was
obliged to help support the family. He studied
English, Greek and Latin under Samuel Bar-
rett, an itinerant schoolmaster, and entered
Brown university in 1816, and although absent
from his class throughout one winter, he was
graduated with honor in 1819. He studied law
with J. J. Fiske, of Wrentham, Mass., but in a
few months he was invited back to Brown as a
tutor in Latin and Greek and librarian. He re-
signed in 1821 and entered the law school at
Litchfield, Conn., under Judge Gould and in 1822
he entered the law office of James Richardson, of
Dedham ; was admitted to the bar in December,
1823, and opened an office at Dedham where he
practised, 1823-33. He was a representative in
the state legislature, 1827-33, and made his first
speech in defence of religious liberty. He was
married, Sept. 29, 1830, to Charlotte, daughter of
President Asa Messer, of Brown university, and
in 1833 he removed to West Newton and was a
partner with Edward G. Loring, Boston. He was
state senator, 1833-37, and president of the
senate, 1836-37. During his legislative service
he advocated laws for improving the common-
school system ; was the means of procuring the
enactment of the " fifteen-gallon law " and the
law for the suppression of the traffic in lottery
tickets. He also proposed the establishment of
the State Lunatic hospital at Worcester, Mass.,
in 1833, and was appointed chairman of the board
of commissioners to contract for and superintend
the erection of the hospital, and when the build-
ings were completed in 1833 he was chairman of
the board of trustees. In 1835 he was a member
of a legislative committee to codify the statute
law of Massachusetts, and after its adoption he
was associated with Judge Metcalf in editing it.
He was elected the first secretary of the Massa-
chusetts board of education, June 19, 1837. He
addressed lectures to conventions of teachers
and friends of education, in which he explained
to the public the leading motives of the legisla-
ture in creating the board. He also published
annual reports for twelve years setting forth the
advancement of education in the state, and
superintended and contributed largely to the
pages of the Common School Journal, a monthly
publication. During his term of office as secre-
tary he introduced a thorough reform in the
school system, established normal schools, and
after his second marriage in May, 1843, to Mary
.Tyler, daughter of Dr. Nathaniel Peabody, he
visited at his own expense the educational es-
tablishments of Europe, especially in Germany,
which investigation he embodied in his seventh
annual report. He retired from the secretaryship
in 1848, having served for twelve years with won-
derful efficiency and large results. He was a
representative in the 30th, 31st and 32d congresses,
succeeding John Quincy Adams, deceased,
and serving, 1847-53. He declined the nomina-
tion for governor of Massachusetts, Sept. 15,
1852, and on the same day was chosen president
of Antioch college at Yellow Springs, Ohio, which
offer he accepted. The college affairs were in a
state of chaos, and in spite of his labors the col-
lege property was advertised for sale at public
auction in the spring of 1859. A new organiza-
tion was, however, effected, and the college, freed
from debt, was soon successfully conducted.
The third class was graduated the same year and
he served as president until his death. He was a
fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and received the honorary degree of
LL.D. from Harvard in 1849. I/i the selection of
names for a place in the Hall of Fame for Great
Americans, New York university, in October,
1900, his was one of fifteen in "Class C, Educa-
tors " submitted as eligible for a place, and the
only one in the class to secure a place, receiving
sixty-seven votes, the next highest being Mark
Hopkins with forty-seven votes. He is the
author of: Reply to Tliirty-One Boston School-
masters (1844) ; Report of Educational Tour
(1846) ; A Few Tlioughts for a Young Man (1850) ;
Slavery, Letters and Speakers (1852) ; Lectures
on Intemperance (1852) ; Powers and Duties of
Woman (1853) ; Sermons (1861). His lectures on
education (1845) were translated into French by
Eugdne de Guer in 1873. Besides his annual re-
ports he published the Common School Journal,
1839-47 ; Abstract of Massachusetts School Returns
(1839-47) ; Supplementary Report on School
Houses (1838) ; Massachusetts System of Common
Schools (1849) ; and a large number of pamphlets
which have been bound together and lettered
Mann's Educational Controversies. See "Life of
Horace Mann," by his widow (1865). He died at
Yellow Springs, Ohio, Aug. 2, 1859.
MANN, James R., representative, was born in McLean county. 111., Oct. 20, 1856 ; son of William H. and Elizabeth (Abraham) Mann ; grandson of Thomas and Elizabeth Mann, and a descendant of William Mann, of Virginia. He attended the public schools and was graduated from the University of Illinois, M.L., in 1876, and from the Union College of Law, Chicago, in 1881. He was admitted to the bar in 1881 and was a member of the law firm of Mann & Miller, Chicago. He was attorney for the Hyde park and the South park commissioners of Chicago ; was a master in chan- cery and for four years a member of the city council of Chicago. He was a Republican repre- sentative from the first Illinois district in tlie 55th, 56th, 57th and 58th congresses, 1897-1905.
