SHALER
SHALLENBERGER
New Jersey state inilitfa, 1854-GO. and was elected
major of the 7th regiment, N.G.S.N.Y., Dec. 13,
1860, and his regiment marched to the defence
of Washington, D.C., in April, 1861, for thirty
days' service. He was commissioned lieutenant-
colonel, 65th N.Y. volunteers. June 11, 1861, and
colonel, July 17, 1863; commanded the first bri-
gade, Newton's 3d division, Sedgwick's 6th
corps. Army of the Potomac, and took part in all
the cainiKiigus of that army until captured by
the enemy. For his conduct in the assault on
Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, Va., May 3,
1863, he was promoted brigadier-general, U.S.
volunteers, and subsequently received the con-
gressional medal of honor for gallantry in that
assault. His corps rear-lied Gettysburg on the
second daj' of that battle and his brigade won
distinction, July 2-3. He commanded the mili-
tary prison on Jolinson's Island, Sandusky, Ohio,
during the following winter; was captured with
General Seymour and other officers at the battle
of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, and subsequently
placed under fire of the Union batteries at
Charleston, S.C. After being exchanged, he
commantled a brigade in the 19th army corps, at
Columbus. Ky.; was brevetted major-general of
volunteers, July 27, 1865; commanded the 2d
division. 7th corps, at Duval's Bluff, Ark., and
was mustered out of the volunteer service, Aug.
24, 1865. He was appointed major-general, 1st
division, X.G.S.N.Y., Jan. 23, 1867, and resigned,
May 21, 1886. In 1861 lie published a manual of
arms for infantry doing duty as light infantry.
He was president of the New York fire depart-
ment, 1867-70, and fire commissioner, 1870-73, re-
organizing the department; re-organized the fire
department of Chicago after the great fire of 1874,
serving as consulting engineer to the board of
fire and police in the latter city, 1874-75, and was
president of the health department of New York
city, 188:}-87. He was one of the founders and
president of the National Rifle association and an
incorporator of the Army and Navy club; com-
mander of the New York Cominandery of the
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United
States, 1883-84; president of the Association of
Union Ex-Prisoners of War, New York city, 1887-
96. and a member of the Union League club, the
G.A.R.. tite New York Historical society, the
American Geographical society, the American
Museum of Natural History, the Genfral Society
of Mechanics and Tradesmen, and the Society for
the Preservation of Scenic and Historical Places
and Objects. He made his home in later life in
Ridgefield. N.J.. where he was president of the
board of healtli. of the hoard of education and of
the Improvement association; and was mayor of
the borough, 1809-1900. He took an active inter-
est in the popular movement for " Good Roads "
and in 1890 contributed a series of articles for
the press, entitled How to Lay Out, Construct and
keep in licpair rnblic Ilighuxiys.
SHALER, Nathaniel Southgate, naturalist, was born in Newport, Ky., Feb. 20, 1841; son of Nathaniel Burger Shaler. His father, a prominent physician in Kentucky, was graduated from Harvard college, A.B., 1827, M.D., 1829. Na- thaniel Southgate Shaler was graduated from the Lawrence Scientific school, B.S., 1862, having re- ceived private instruction in geology from Prof. Louis Agassiz. He served two years as captain of a Kentucky volunteer Union battery, but in 1864 returned to Harvard as instructor in pale- ontology. He received the degree of S.D. in nat- ural history in 1865, and was given charge of the instruction in geology and zoology in the Law- rence Scientific school. He was university lec- turer at Harvard, 1868-70, and was in Europe, 1866 and 1872, studying physical phenomena, pay- ing special attention to glaciers and volcanoes. He climbed Vesuvius, while in action, and was the fii'st man to look into an active volcano. He was professor of paleontology at Harvard, 1869- 88, and after 1888, of paleontology and geology. He directed the Kentucky geological survey, 1873-80. In 1884 he was given charge of the Atlantic division, U.S. geological survey. He was made professor of geology at Harvard. 1888, and became dean of the Lawrence Scientific school in 1891. Professor Slialer was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the Boston Society of Natural History and of the Geological Society of America. He is the author of nian\- magazine articles, of many memoirs and reports, besides a large number of books, among which are: Illustrations of the Eartlis Surface (1881); Fossil Brachiapods of the Ohio Valley (1883); A First Book in Geology (1884); Aspects of the Earth (1889); Nature and Man in America (1891); The Story of Our Continent (1892); The Interpretation of Nature (1893); The United States of America (2 vols., 1894); Sea and Land (1894); Domesticated Animals; their Relation to Man (1895); Beaches and Tidal Marshes of the Atlantic Coast (18QQ); American Highicays (IH'dQ); Armada Days (1898); Autliors of the Earth's History (1898); The Individxial: Study of Life and Death (1900).
SHALLENBERGER, William Shadrach, rep- resentative, was born in Mt. Pleasant. Pa., Nov. 24. 1839; son of Abraham and Rachel (Newmyer) Shallenberger; grandson of Abraham and Eliza- beth (Strickler) Shallenberger and of Peter and Susannah (Rhodes) Newmyer, and a descendant of Ulric Shallenberger, born in Canton Uri, Swit- zerland, in 1694, who emigrated in 1720, locating in Lancaster county. Pa. He attended the public schools, the Mt. Pleasant academy, 1851-
