RAPPE
RAU
Jeshuruu in New York city, where he labored
till his tleath. gaining a widespread reputation.
He received the degrees A.M. and Ph.D. from
the Universit}^ of Giessen. He undertook with
other scholars an annotated translation of the
Scriptures, of which the volume on Genesis was
issued (1844) ; translated the Mishna with the
Rev. D. A. de Sola of London (1840), and many
Hebrew, German and French works into English.
He is the author of : Festivals of the Lord (1889) ;
Devotional Exercises for the Daughters of Israel
(185'3); Post Biblical History of the Jews (2 vols.,
1855; new ed., 1806); Hie Path to Immortality
(1859). He died in New York city. June 33, 1868.
RAPPE, Louis Amadeus, R.C. bishop, was born at Andrehem. Pas de Calais, St. Omer, France. Feb. 2, ISOl ; son of Eloi and Marie Antoinette (Noel) lappe, who were peasants. In 1821 he entered the college at Boulogne, and after completing a classical course, made his theological studies in the seminary of Arras, and was ordained priest, March 14, 1829. He was pastor at Wiznie, 1829-34 ; chaplain of the Ursu- line convent, Boulogne, .1834-40. and in 1840 came to Cincinnati, Ohio, with Bishop Purcell. He was missionary in the Miami valley, 1841-47, establishing churches in Maumee city and at Toledo, and a branch of the Sisters of Notre Dame at Toledo in 1846. When the diocese of Cleveland was established, April 22, 1847, he was named as its first bishop, and was consecrated, Oct. 10, 1847, by Bishop Purcell, assisted by Bishop Whelan of- Wheeling. He began to build the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist in 1848, and consecrated it in 1852. He introduced various religious orders in his diocese and built convents, asylums, schools and churches. He attended the Vatican council at Rome in 1869, and while there unfriendly members of his dio- cese accused him of wrong doing, and the pope counseled his retirement, being misled by reports which were soon found to be the result of a con- spirac3'. He was not removed by the pope, but resigned his bishopric. Aug. 22, 1870 ; retired to St. Albans, Vt., and spent the rest of his life in the diocese of Burlington, engaged in missionary %vork in that diocese and in Canada. He was subsequently offered another diocese, but de- clined. He died in St. Albans, Vt., Sept. 7, 1877.
RATHBUN, Richard, naturalist, was born in Buffalo, N.Y., Jan. 25, 1852 ; son of Charles Howland Rathbun ; grandson of Thomas and Sarah (Howland) Rathbun, and a descendant of John Rathbone, one of the original pur- chasers and settlers of Block Island, R.I. (about 1660). He became interested at an early age in the geology of the vicinity of Buffalo, and made extensive collections of fossils as curator of paleontology of the Buffalo Society of Natural
SAMTHSOAJ
Sciences, 1869-71. He entered Cornell university
in 1871, but remained only two years. While
there he began studies upon the fossils collected
on the Brazilian expedition of Charles Frederick
Hartt (q.v.), which were continued later at the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Mass. He was assistant in zoology at the Boston
Society of Natural History, 1874-75. and during
the same period a volunteer zoological assistant
on the summer exj^editions of the U.S. fish com-
mission ; geologist on the Imperial geological
commission of Brazil. 1875-78 ; scientific assis-
tant on the U.S. fish commission, 1878-96. being
in charge of the division of scientific inquiry
from 1887 ; assistant in zoology at Yale, 1879-80 ;
U.S. representative on the joint commission with
Great Britain relative to the preservation of the
fisheries in the boundary waters between the
United States and Canada, 1892-96 ; assi.stant
curator from 1880, and curator from 1^83,
the depart-
ment of ma-
rine inverte-
brates in the
U.S. National
Museum. He
was appointed
assistant sec-
retary of the Smithsonian Institution, Jan. 27,
1897, and his duties after 1899 included the
charge of the U.S. National Museum. He is the
author of numerous scientific papers. He re-
ceived the honorary degrees of M.S. from the In-
diana univei'sity in 1883, and D.Sc. froniBowdoin
college in 1894.
RAU, Charles, archaeologist, was born in Verviers, Belgium, in 1826. He attended the university of Heidelberg ; came to the United States in 1848; taught school in Belleville, 111., and subsequently in New York city until 1875, when he became curator in the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. He had charge of the department of antiquities. 1875-87, and his contributions to the publications of the Smith- sonian Institution. 1863-87. established his reputa- tion as a foremost American archaeologist. He was a member of the principal archaeological and anthropological societies in Europe and America. He bequeathed his library and collections to the U.S. National Museum. He received the degree Ph.D. from the University of Freiburg, Baden, in 1882. He is the author of : Early Man in Europe (1876): The Archceological Collections of the United States National Museum (1876); The Palenque Tablet in the United States National Museum (1879) : Articles on Anthropological Sub- jects 1853-87 (1882), and at the time of his death was engaged on an exhaustive archfeologiral work. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 25, 1887.
