THE PEOPHET OF SAN FRANCISCO. 35
And here, again, we have a new indication of these elements in one great assumption of fact, and that is the assumption that wealth has been becoming less and less diffused "the rich richer, the poor poorer." It did not require the recent elaborate and able statistical examina- tion of Mr. Giffen to convince me that this assumption is altogether false. It is impossible for any man to have been a considerable employer of labor during a period embracing one full generation, without his seeing and feeling abundant evidence that all classes have partaken in the progress of the country, and no class more exten- sively than that which lives by labor. He must know that wages have more than doubled sometimes a great deal more while the continuous remission of taxes has tended to make, and has actually made almost every article of subsistence a great deal cheaper than it was thirty years ago. And outside the province of mere muscular labor, among all the classes who are concerned in the work of distribution or of manufacture, I have seen around me, and on my own property, the enormous increase of those whose incomes must be comfortable without being large. The houses that are built for their weeks of rest and leisure, the furniture with which these houses are provided, the gardens and shrubberies which are planted for the ornament of them ; all of these indications, and a thousand more, tell of increasing comfort far more widely if not universally diffused.
And if personal experience enables me to contradict absolutely one of ^Mr. George's assumptions, official experi- ence enables me not less certainly to contradict another. Personally I know what private ownership has done for one country. Officially I have had only too good cause to know what State ownership has not done for another country. India is a country in which, theoretically at least, the State is the only and the universal landowner,
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