40 THE CONDITION OF LABOR.
on a piece of land that the growth of the city had made very valuable. Those who paid these rents had never stopped to ask whether he had any right to them. They felt that they had no right to land that so many others would like to have, without paying for it, and did not think of, or did not care for, the rights of all.
5. That private property in land has the support of the common opinion of mankind, and has conduced to peace and tranquillity, and that it is sanctioned by Divine Law. (11.)
Even were it true that the common opinion of man- kind has sanctioned private property in land, this would no more prove its justice than the once universal practice of the known world would have proved the justice of slavery.
But it is not true. Examination will show that wher- ever we can trace them the first perceptions of mankind have always recognized the equality of right to land, and that when individual possession became necessary to secure the right of ownership in things produced by labor some method of securing equality, sufficient in the existing state of social development, was adopted. Thus, among some peoples, land used for cultivation was peri- odically divided, land used for pasturage and wood being held in common. Among others, every family was per- mitted to hold what land it needed for a dwelling and for cultivation, but the moment that such use and culti- vation stopped any one else could step in and take it on like tenure. Of the same nature were the land laws of the Mosaic code. The land, first fairly divided among the people, was made inalienable by the provision of the jubilee, under which, if sold, it reverted every fiftieth year to the children of its original possessors.
Private property in land as we know it, the attaching to land of the same right of ownership that justly
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