ARISTOTLE'S NATURAL HISTORY.
He says also that man is the only animal which has its
heart on the left side; and that all other animals have it in
the middle of the body. And he says that males have more
teeth than females; and he affirms that this has been noticed
in the case of the sheep, and of the pig, and of the goat.
And he says also that there is no fish which has testicles, and
there is no fish which has a breast, and no bird either; but
that the only fish which has no gall is the dolphin. There
are, however, some, says he, which have no gall in their liver,
but they have it near their bowels; as the sturgeon, the
synagris, the lamprey, the sword-fish, and the sea-swallow.
But the amia has its gall spread over the whole of its entrails:
and the hawk and the kite have theirs spread both over
their liver and their entrails; but the ægocephalus has his
gall both in his liver and in his stomach: and the pigeon,
and the quail, and the swallow have theirs, some in their
entrails, and some in their stomach.
49. Moreover, he says that all the molluscous fish, and the shell-fish, and the cartilaginous fish, and all insects, spend a long time in copulation; but that the dolphin and some other fish copulate lying alongside the female. And he says that the dolphins are very slow, but fish in general very quick. Again he says that the lion has very solid bones, and that if they are struck, fire comes from them as from flint stones. And that the dolphin has bones, but no spine; but that cartilaginous fish have both gristle and spine. And of animals he says that some are terrestrial and some aquatic; and that some even live in the fire; and that there are some, which he calls ephemera, which live only one day: and that there are some which are amphibious, such as the river-horse, and the crocodile, and the otter. And that all animals in general have two forefeet, but that the crab has four; and that all the animals which have blood are either without feet at all, or are bipeds, or quadrupeds; and that all the animals which have more than four feet are destitute of blood: on which account every animal which moves, moves by what he calls four tokens,—man by two hands and two feet, a bird by two feet and two wings, an eel and a conger by two fins and two joints. Moreover, some animals have hands, as a man has, and some appear to have hands, as a monkey does; for there is no brute beast which can really give and take, and it is for
