774 THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL told, is a deductive reasoner. That is, he did his own work and did not do ours. But his work had to be done as a preliminary.' Recent developments of theory, however, show how very much Ricardo left for his successors to do in the same department of eonomic inquiry as that in which he himself excelled. That he did pre-eminently excel as a deductive economist need not be denied; but to imply that he left .deductive political economy in anything like a complete.or final form is to play .into .the .ha.nds .o! those who minimise the Importance o! deduction in economic lnqumes. In his bibliography, Mr. Gonner gives not only a list of ' works by Ricardo,' but also a list of ' chief works on Ricardo.' The latter division is not limited to books or essays, whose set purpose is to expound or criticise Ricardo, but includes, for example, such a work as List's National System of Political Ecowmy, where the remarks on Ricardo axe incidental and of comparatively little importance. It is of course difficult to name a standard work on economics in which Ricardo's name is not more or less prominent; but, on the principle adopted, there are certain omissions which seem unaccountable, especially as some of the books of which we are thinking have been previously referred to by Mr. Gonner himself. Amongst the omissions may be noted Bagehot's Economic Studies, Bonar's Malthus and his l'brk, Cairnes's Logical Method, Marshall's Principles of Economics, Sidgwick's Political Ecowmy, Toynbee's Industrial Rerolution, Walker's .[oney. Every one of these has something distinctive about Ricardo to which the attention of the student might with advantage be directed, and in particular the interpretations of Ricardo's doctrines and defence o them which are scattered through Professor Marshall's work constitute literature that one of the most important contributions to Ricardian can anywhere be found. The preface contains a pleasing picture of Ricardo as a man; but it is to be regretted that space could not be found for a short biographical sketch and some account of Ricardo's other writings. The edition would also have been rendered more complete by a brief discussion of the special influences under which Ricardo wrote, and an estimate of his own influence upon subsequent economic thought and practice. J. N. KEYNES The Cooperative Movement To-day. OaKE. Methuen & Co. 1891. By GEORGE JACOB HOLY- The Cooperative Movement POTTER. Sonnenschein in Great Britai. & Co. 1891. By BEATRICE Mms POTTER seens to regret that the British public gains its impressions about the Cooperative Movement from ' littrateurs and orators' of the middle and upper classes, who have hitherto 'voiced' the movement (p. 171. The two volumes before us are voices from the stone undesirable quarter; and we must hsten to them under pro-
