Vairagi/aSataka, Edited uith Notes and an Eng- lish Translation (Bombay, 1898) ; Trimbak, Bhartriltari's Xiti- and Wiirapya-iatakas, Bom- bay Sanskrit Series (1874) ; a complete edition of the tliree l<atakas, with the native Sanskrit commentary; Nirnaya-Sagara Press Series (Bom- bay, 1892) ; Von Bohlen, Bhartrihari's Sententice (Berlin, 1833) ; and the same writer's German translation. Die Spriiche dcs Bhartriharis (Ham- burg, 1835) ; Regnaiid, Lcs stances irotitjues, morales ct religieuses de Bhartriliari (Paris, 1875) : Tawney, Tiro Centuries of Bhartrihari (London, 1877) ; Wortham, Translation of the Satakas of Bhartriliari (London, 1886) ; More, A Century of Indian Epigrams, Chiefly from the Sanskrit of Bhartrihari (Boston and New York, 1898) : Takakusu, A Record of the Buddhist Re- ligion by I-Tsing (Oxford, 1898) ; and an edition of the Vakya-padiya in the Benares Sanskrit Series, ed. GrilTith and Tliibaut (1892).
BHASKARA ACHAEYA, b'hiis'ka-rii 4-
char'ya (Bhaskara the Learned; 8kt. acarya,
teacher), born in 1144. One of the best known
of the Hindu mathematicians. He was the sixth
successor of Brahmagupta. at the head of the
college of astronomers of Ujjain. Of his great
work, the l<iddhantaciromani (Crowning of the
System ) , only three chapters have been trans-
lated, the first two, viz. the Lilacati and the
Bija Ganita (treating of arithmetic and algebra ) ,
by Colebrook in 1817: the third chapter treats
of the sphere. Following the Hindu custom, he
wrote in verse, but, unlike his predecessors, he
added explanations in prose.
BHATTI, bTiaf te. A poet of India, to be as-
signed probably to the Sixth Century a.d., and
sometimes identified with Bhartrihari (q.v.).
He wrote the Bhattikarya, an artificial epic,
very skillfully constructed for the purpose of
illustrating grammatical and rhetorical rules.
The Bhattikarya was first published at Calcutta
in 1828. The best edition is that of Bapata
( 1887 ) .
BHATTIAS, b'hiit't^az, or BHATNIAR. A
name applied to the natives of the Hissar district
and the adjacent country in the Punjab. The
population is composite; the higher classes, who
established themselves in the country about the
Fourth Century of our era, are Rajputs ; the
lower (agriculturists and cattle-breeders) are
Jats, who are said to have some Mongolian blood
in their veins. The latter, although they have
by imitation adopted the Islamic religion of the
Rajputs, retain many primitive features of their
older heathenism, while their language is less
Aryan than the tongue of their supplanters. See
Jats.
BHATTIKAVYA, b'liat'tS-kSv'ya (Skt.
Bhatti + Kaiya, poem). A San.skrit poem,
written by a grammarian, Bhatti. Though it
recites the deeds of Rama, it is disfigured by the
excessive ingenuity of the author, who attempts
to make it a complete exemplification of gram-
mar.
BHAVABHUTI, b'ha'vab'hUiJ'tt. A noted
Sanskril, dramatist, who sliares with Sudraka
Kalidasa and Ilarsha (q.v.) the honors of the
early Hindu stage. He flourished during the
latter part of the Seventh Century a.u. and the
beginning of the Eighth Century, and he en-
joyed the patronage of Vasovarman, King of
Kanyakubja ( mod. Kanauj ) . It is judged from
his writings that he was a native of south Cen-
tral India ; it is also presumed that part of his
life was spent at the city of Ujjain. Three
dramas, all of recognized merit, preserve Bhava-
bhuti's name to fame. The first is the ilalati-
madhara, sometimes called the Hindu Romeo
and Juliet; the second is entitled J/a/iii-iira-
carita, or the fortunes of the great hero Rama;
the third, Uttara-raiiia-carita, the later fortunes
of Ranui. is a sequel to the second. There Is an
edition of the Malati-madhara by M. R. Telang
(Bombay, 1892) ; a translation by H. H. Wilson,
Theatre' of the Hindus, 3d ed. (London, 1871) ;
and by L. Fritze (Leipzig, 1883; Reclam Series) ;
furthermore, ilaha-rira-carita, edited bv F. H.
Trithon (London, 1848) ; translation by J. Pick-
ford (London, 1871); and Ctara-ramaoarita,
edited bv S. G. Bhanap (2d ed. Bombav. 1893) ;
by V. S.'Patvardhan (Xagpur, 1895) ; by T. R. R.
Aivar and K. P. Parab (Bombav, 1899) : trans-
lated by C. H. Tawney (Calcutta, 1874). Con-
sult Levi, Le theatre indien (Paris, 1890).
BHAWAXPUR, b'ha'wil-poor'. See Baha-
WAI.PIR.
BHEL (bel) FRiriT. See JEaiM.
BHIL, bol, or BHEEL. The name of a Kola-
rian or ilunda people of Central India, in the
Vindhya Hills, and to the south of the river
Xerbudda, toward Bombay. They are the rem-
nant of an autochthonous race that peopled Raj-
putana and ilalwa before the Aryan invasion.
Their language belongs to the Kolarian stock of
Indian tongues. In Sanskrit literature their
name is mentioned with disdain. They are short,
dark-skinned, and have some traces of Aryan and
perhaps also of Dravidian blood. The English,
to whom they remained faithful during the Se-
poy Mutiny, have made some use of them as
soldiers and policemen, and they have latterly
paid a little attention to agriculture. A feature
of their religion is the worship of Mother Amba
Bhavani. Among some of them a harmless relic
of widow-burning sun-ives ; also tree-marriage,
and other quaint customs. An account of the
Bhils, by Kincaid, appeared in the Journal of
the Anthropological Institute (Limdon, 1879).
Consult also: Rowney, Wild Tribes of India
(London. 1882) ; and Reelus, Primitive Folk
(New York. 1891).
BHIL'SA, or BIL'SA ( Skt. Bidi<:a ) . A town of Bhopal. Central India, on the Betwa, 188 miles
south of (Jwalior. and 32 miles northeast of
Bhopal (Map: India, C 4). It is noted for the
Buddhist topes at Sanchi, in the vicinity, and
for its temples. The tobacco raised on the land
in the neighborhood of Bhilsa is said to be the
finest produced in all India. Its superiority is
entirely owing to careful cultivation. Popula-
tion about 9700. Consult Maiscy, iianchi andits
Remains (London, 1892).
BHIMA, be'ma, BEEMAH, or BIMAH. A river of India, a branch of the Kistna (q.v.), rising in tlie table-land of the Poona District, in the Presidency of Bombay, at an elevation of 3090 feet above the level of the sea (Map: India, Co). It flows in a southeastward direction, and falls into the Kistnah, in latitude 16° 24' N., longitude 77° 20' E., after a course of more than 400 miles.
