DEHORNING. and gentle. The opeiatiiin should be performed in mild weather, and not during periods of ex- treme cold or in llytinie. The growth of horn may be entirely prevented by the application of caustic pota.sli to the horn- button as soon as it can be discovered on the calf's head, or about three or four days alter birth. In apiilying caustic potash the liair should be clipped "from the head so as to expose the de- veloping horn. The latter may be moistened with ammonia, so as to dissolve the oily skin secretion. A stick of caustic potash should then be moistened in water and rubbed on the horn. The operation should be repeated imtil the horn becomes somewhat sensitive. The proc- ess requires only a few minutes. A scab forms over the treated surface, and falls off after a period of about one month, leaving a smooth poll on which the horns never develop. DEHRA DUN, de'rd dun. The capital of a district of the same name in the Northwest Prov- inces. British India, seventy-tive miles east of Ambala. It is picturesquely situated in a moun- tain valley at an altitude of 2,300 feet. Its prin- cipal buildings are the seventeenth-century tem- ple of Guru Ram Rai, an Anglican church, and an American Presbyterian mission establishment. The town is the seat of a military cantonment, of Government survev. and of forestrv departments. Population, in 1801, 25.fiS4 ; in 1901. 28,095. DEIANI'RA {Gk. Aijliwipa, Deianeira) . In Greek mythology, the daughter of CEneus. King of Calydon in"-Etolia, and of Altha?a. She be- came the wife of Hercules, who was victorious over Achelous in a contest for her possession, and bore him a son. Hyllus. She unintentionally caused Hercu'es's death by giving him the poi- soned shirt of Nessus, and in her grief over it took her own life. DEI GRATIA, de'i gra'shl-a (Lat., by the grace of God ) . A formula found a number of times in the epistles of the New Testament. Pope Felix II., in .356, used "per fjratiam del episcoptis." It was formally used by the bishops. at the Council of Kphesus, in 431. Later it was commonly used by archbishops, bishops, ab- bots, and others in their correspondence. After the middle of the thirteenth century, when the sanction of the Pope was considered important for an ecclesiastical appointment, the higher clergv' wrote, "Dei et ApnatolicF .S'crffs Crralin" ("by the grace of God and of the apostolic see") . Other exm-essions were also used, as "Christi nomine," "miseratione divinn," "permissiotte di- vinii." etc. In Kngland the usage was largely dropped about the time of the Reformation. Oceasionallv. however, the archbishops of Can- terbury and York used the form tmtil the seven- teenth century. The expression was used by temporal princes as early as the seventh cen- turv. Rothar uses "in Dei nomine." Ethelbert of England, in the charter of 605, styles himself "T'Jlxiihrrlun Dei Crotin Rex An(ilnrum." From the time of Pepin the form was connnonly used by the Frnnkish kings. Charles VI 1. of France regarded Dei flnifin as a royal title, and forbade its use by the Coimt dWrniaL'iiae. The phrase is used nn coins oi mnTi' nat ioTinlities. DE IMITATIO'NE CHRIS'TI. See Kem- PIS. TuONtAS A. DEINHARDSTEIN, din'hiirt-stin, .Toiia^-n LuDWio (1794-18.59). A German dramatist, 77 DEIRA. born and educated in Vienna. lie was vice- director of the Uofburg Theatre, Vienna, from 1832 to I84I, and editor of tlie Jahrbiicher der Lil/cnilur from 1829 to 1849, during which period this pul)lication counted among its con- tributors men like W. von Humboldt, A. W. S<'blegel, Riickert, and Ilebbel. His Eiinstler- draincii (2 vols., Leipzig. 184.)), treating of the dramatic episodes in the lives of artists and actors, may be said to liave established in some respects a new dramatic genre in Germany. Among his best plays may be mentioned: Uans tiavhx; Fiorctta; and (larrick in Bristol. His collected works, eomjjrising seven volumes, were published in Leipzig (1848-57), under the title tlcsanimcltc druntalificlie Werl:c. DEI'NOTHE'RIUM. See Dinotiiekium. DEIO'CES (Lat.. from Gk. At;i6(f7;s, Deiokes, Assyr. Danfiukkii, connected ultimately with Av. dainhupati. Arm. dephe.t, lord of the land). Ac- cording to Herodotus, the first ruler of the Em- pire of the Medes. After the Median revolt from As.syria, he rose to be chieftain of his own petty village, and later was cliosen king. He built Ecbatana, and ruled, in true Eastern style, by means of informers and spies. DE'IOT'ARTJS (-qXiTapoi, Deiotaros) . A king of Galatia in the first century n.c. He formed an alliance with the Romans against Mithridates, and with several hundred horsemen defended the ■ausc of Pompey at Pharsalia (B.C. 48), and afterwards fled with the latter. Several years later he was accused of aiding CiEcilius Bassus and of conspiring against C;esar, but was exoner- ated after the famous tribute paid to him by Cicero in the oration entitled Pro Rege Deiotaro. He aided P)rutus at the battle of Philippi, and afterwards took sides with Octavius against Antony. DEIPH'OBE (Aii'iipi^v)- In Greek mythology, a daughter of Glaucus and priestess of Apollo and Artemis. Apollo granted her to live seven hundred years, but she neglected to ask for ever- lasting youth, and at length lost her powers and vanished away. She lived in a cabin near Cuma;, and was the guide of -Eneas to the inder world. She was said to be identical with the sibyl who sold the Sibylline Books to Tarqviin. DEIPH 'OBITS {Cik. Aiitcfio^oi, Deiphoho-s) . In Greek legend, the son of Priam and Hecuba, and one of the bravest of the Trojan heroes. After the death of Paris he married Helen, and she, after the fall of Troy, gave him up to Menelaus, her former husband, by whom he was killed and mutilated. DE'IRA. An ancient kingdom of Britain, corresponding closely to the modern Yorkshire. It fornied a part of Roman Britain, and the town of York was the capital and seat of the Roman prefect. ^Ella. a chief of the Angles, took possession of Deira about the middle of the sixth century. There was constant strife between Peira and its northern neighbor. Ber- nieia. which delayed the full concpiest of north- ern Britain. .Ethelfrith of Bernicia drove out Ella's son in 588. and united the two king- doms under the name Nortlunnbria. In <i03 the forces of the North Britons were annihilated at the na>'_'estan. and the rule of Norllmmhria was established from the llumbcr to the Korth. In 027 Christianity was accepted. Bernicia and
