DENMARK. 129 DENNIE. in Schloswig and llolstein, being encouraged by the l-rankfort Parliament (which voiced the revolutionary movement in Germany), and per- • haps still more by Prussia, rose in arms against Denmark. Afteraltemate hostilities and armis- tices, the first Scjileswig-Holstein War, in which the Danish troops fought bravely against the forces of Prussia and other Ger- man States and of the rebellious duchies, ter- minated in 18.51. Prussia having abandoned the cause of the duchies, and Austria and Prussia having finally intervened to restore the former order. The liberal Constitution which Christian VIII. had in the meantime granted to his sub- jects failed to reconcile the CJermans in Schlcs- wigllolstein. On the death, in 1863, of Frederick VII., Chris- tian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gliicks- burg ascended the throne under the title of Christian IX. (q.v.) in conformity with the act known as the Treaty of London (1852). by which the European Powers had settled tiie succession to the Danish crown on him and his descendants by his wife. Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel. niece of King Christian VIII. of Denmark. With Frederick VII. the direct Oldenburg line had expired, and at his death the question of the succession to the duchies acquired an importance which it had never before possessed. Schleswig and Holstein declared for Prince Frederick of Augustenburg. a scion of a branch of the Oldenburg line, and ap- pealed to the Germanic Confederation for sup- port. The Germanic Diet sent an army into Holstein. Prussia and Austria had in the mean- time concerted with each other to take the settle- ment of the Schleswig-Holstein affair into their own hands. Christian VIII., reflecting upon the way in which the cause of the duchies had been lietrayed by the German powers in the war of 1848-51. and relying upon the support of Eng- land, allowed himself to be dragged into a war single-handed with Prussia and Austria, whose forces advanced into Schleswig in February, 1864. After a brave but utterly futile attempt at re- sistance, the Danes saw their country overrun by the troops of Prussia and Austria, and by the Treaty of Vienna (October .30. 1864) were forced to submit to the terms exacted by their powerful foes, and resign not only Holstein and Lauen- burg. but the ancient crown appanage of Schles- wig into the hands of the two Powers. As a re- sult of the war of 1S66, the duchies became permanenth- possessions of Prussia. The record of political occurrences in Denmark since 1864 is mainly concerned with the struggle be- tween the Conservative and Liberal parties, the rise of a powerful Democratic party, and the development of the system of parliamentary gov- ernment. In external relations the two most important events have been the agitation leading to the concession of constitutional government to Iceland and the question of the sale of the Danish West Indies to the United States, which was broached as early as 1870. BTEiLiofjRAPiiT. Ofte, Denmark and Iceland (London. 18S1); Frisch. Sc/iirrdcn, orirc(!en, vnd Diinrmarl- (7th ed.. by Jonas. Berlin, 1886) : Weitemeyer (editor), Denmark: It.^ Ilistori/ and Topotirnphy, Lannunpe, Literature, Fine Artu, Horinl Life, and Finance (London. 18011 ; Dahl- jnann. f'icschichte ron Diinemark (.3 vols., Ham- burg, 1840-43), vol. iv., by Schafer (Gotha, 1893), the standard history of Denmark; Phi- lippi, Gcsvhichte ion Diinemark (2d ed., Leip- zig, 1846) ; Worsaae, The Danish Conquest of Enyland and yormandy (Copenhagen, 1863); Sidgwick, The Story of Denmark (London, 1885). See Abmeu Neutrality; Continental System ; Nelson ; Political Parties, paragraph Denmaik; Schleswig-Holstein. DEN'NER, Baltiias.r (1685-1749). A Ger- man portrait-painter. He was born at Altona, and studied there and in Danzig, and afterwards at the Berlin Academy. He is said to have painted good portraits when only fourteen years of age. Kapidly acquiring reputation, he was invited to several European courts, and painted the portraits of many princes and other distin- guished persons of his time. His chief peculiar- ity consisted in the fineness of his mechanical finish, which extended to depicting even the almost invisible furze of hair growing on smooth skin. He is particularly noted for his heads of old men and women. Charles VI. paid 4700 florins for a "Head of an Old Woman" by this artist. This and its companion piece, the "Head of an Old ilan," are in the Museum of Fine Arts in Vienna. Specimens of his art are to be found in the principal galleries in Europe. DENNERY, deu'-re', or D'ENUERY, Adolphe Philippe (1811-99). A Freiioh drama- tist of versatile facility, born in Paris. He wrote or collaborated in nearly two hundred plays. The more noteworthy of his dramas are: L'honneur de ma fiUe (1835) ; La perle de Savoie (1842) ; Marie Jeanne (1845) ; and Les deux orphelines (1873). The last two have been enduringly popular. His vaudevilles and spectacular plays are signiticant. DENNEWITZ, den'ne-vets. A small village in the Province of Brandenburg, Prussia, 42 miles south-southwest of Berlin. Here was fought, on September 6, 1813. a battle between 70,000 French, Saxons, and Poles, commanded by ilar- shal Ney, and 45.000 Prussians, under Generals Billow and Taunzien. The fighting was obsti- nate to the last degree, and both armies more than once drove each other from their positions. Ney's army was finally defeated. The French lost 15.000 killed, wounded, and prisoners, and 43 pieces of cannon. The Prussians lost about 6000. The most important feature of this vic- tory to the Prussians was that most of their troops were Landurhr (militia), for whom Na- poleon had expressed the utmost contempt, desig- nating them as 'rabble.' DEN'NIE, .Joseph (1768-1812). An Ameri- can jounialist, born in Boston, ^lass. He grad- uated at Harvard in 1790, studied law at Charlestown. N. H., and was admitted to the bar. From 1795 he devoted himself mainly to litera- ture and joumalism. He edited The Farmer's TTeekly Museum, in Walpole, N. H., one of the first experiments in departmental journalism. He attained considerable reputation also as an essayist through The Lay Preacher (1796). In 1798 Dennie w.is nominated for Congress, but was defeated, and afterwards went to Philadel- phia as private secretary to Timothy Pickerinir, then Secretary of State '( 1799) . Here he edited The United States Gazette, and afterwards es- tablished and conducted until his death The Portfolio (1801). This Aveekly became a
