DERELICT. 147 DERMATOPHYTES. curred. The owner of wreck, if not derelict, is mlitled withiii one year to claim it from the possessor on paying salvage and the expenses in- curred in rescuing the property. See AcQUisi- Tlo. ; AccRETio.N ; S.i.vA(;t;; Wreck. Consult: Sehouler on I'trsoiial I'roinrlij (Jid ed., Boston, IS'.llil ; ilaclachlan, Ticalisc on the Laic of Mer- chant Hhipjiing (4th ed., London, 1892). DERENBOtTRG, df-raNbrKTr'. Hartwig ( 1S44 — ). A French Orientalist. He was born in Paris, a son of Joseph Dercnbourg, and stud- ied there and at the universities of Gottingen and Leipzig. On his return to Paris in 1S67 he was employed in the Biblioth&que Xationale, and edited the catalogue of Arabic manuscripts. From 1875 he taught Arabic at the Ecole des Langues Oricntalcs. was made professor there in 1879, and jirofessor of Islamitic science at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in 188G. His numer- ous publications include: De I'luniliiim Lingua: Arabicce et .Tj^thiopicw Formarum Orit/ine et In- dole (Gottingen, 1867) ; Le Diican deXabiguDho- byiini (Paris. LS69) ; Le lirre de Slhatraihi, texte urabe (Paris, 1881-89), his principal work; Chrcstomathie clementairc dc I'arabe littcral (ib., 1885) ; Oiisuma Ibn iloiinhidh, nn fmir syrien au premier siecle des croisades (1886-93); La science des religions et VLthimisnie (1886) ; Les monnments Snbrens et Hiinyarites de la Bib- liotluque Xafionah (1891). DERENBOUBG, Joseph (1811-95). A Ger- man-French Orientalist. He was born at JIainz of .Jewish parents, his real name having been Demburg. He studied at the universities of Giessen and Bonn, and, having spent some years at Amsterdam as private tutor, went to Paris in 1839 to complete his study of Oriental languages. In 18.52 he was made corrector at the Imprimerie Xationale, in special charge of the Oriental pub- lications. He was elected a member of the Acad- emy of Inscriptions in 1871, and was appointed to the chair of Talmudie science at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in 1877. His prin- cipal work is the Essai sur I'histoire et la geo- graphic de la Palestine (18G7). He edited the fal)les of Lokman (1846), with an introductory essay on their Christian origin, and the Maka- mat of Hariri, Les seances de Hariri (1847 o3), in collaboration with Eeinaud. His other works comprise: Manuel du leeteur (1871) ; Xotes cpi- graphiques (1877); Dcnx versions hebra'iques du lirre de Kaliluh et Dimnah (1881) ; Le Hire des parterres fleuris (1886): Commentaire de Mnimonide sur la Misehnah Seder Tohorot (Ber- lin, 1886-91) : besides many contributions to the Journal Asiatique, the Revue Critique, and other periodicals. DE REPXTB'LICA (Lat.. On the State). A phikwfiphif al trc.iti<e on politics by Cicero (c.54- 51 n.r.), in six books. It was lost during the Middle Ages, but fragments were found on a palimpsest early in the nineteenth centurj'. .bout one-third of the work is jueserved. in- oliulins the Somnium Seipionis, with which it cUi^fd. DE RESZKE, EnotARn and Jeax. See Eesz- KE. I'novAi:!) DE: and Beszke, .Teax de. DERFFLINGER, der'fllnger, Georo. Baron von (1606-95). A field-marshal of Brandenburg. Kom at Xeuhofen, .Vustria. He entered the Swedish serv'ire during the reign of Gustavus Adolphus, and advanced to the rank of colonel. In 1642 he was sent by Torstenson to negotiate an alliance with (Jeorge Btikoczy in Transyl- vania. Several years afterwards he resigned from the Swedish service and entered that of the Elector of Brandenburg. He fought with dis- tinction in the wars against Poland. Denmark, Sweden, and France, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, in consideration of his splendid assault on Warsaw, in 1650. lield-niar- shal (1670), and military Governor of Pomerania (1678). The formation and training of the cavalry of the electorate were due chiefly to his initiative, and the celebrated battle of Felubellin (June 18, 1675) was decided by the lirilliant cavalry charge which he executed at the head of 6500 horsemen. The conquest of Stralsund and Rugen (1678). where at the age of seventy-two he led the attack in person, and the subsequent campaign against Sweden, were also among the military feats of this otficer. The military great- ness of Prussia in later times was undoubtedly due to the influence exerted upon the army of Brandenburg by men like Derfflinger. DERG, derK, Lough (Ir.. clear lake). The name of two Irish lakes. ( 1 ) The larger is an expansion of the river Shannon, between Tip- perary on the southeast and Galway and Clare on the northwest (Jlap: Ireland, D 2). It is 24 miles long from northeast to southwest, and 2 to 6 miles broad. Its surface is about 100 feet above the sea: its average depth, 35 feet. It has several islands. (2) A lake in the south of Donegal County, on the border of Tyrone. It is 3 miles long. 2io miles broad, and has many islets and rocks. On its wild shores are hills rising 700 to 1200 feet. Saint's Island possesses the remains of a priory founded aljout the year 600, and was the scene of Saint Patrick's vision of purgatory. The place of penance on Station Island was for years the most celebrated spot for pilgrimage in Ireland. DERIVATION. See Ettmologt. DERIVATION (Lat. derivatio. a leading or turning oti'. from de, away. ofT + rivus, small stream, channel, canal). An old term in medi- cine, descriptive of an old method of treating disease, by which it was formerly su]iposed that the mnteries niorbi, or 'matter of the disease,' was drained away through some channel estab- lished for it by artificial means, as when a blister is applied over an inflamed lung, or a discharge from the bowels established in a case of dropsy. The term is little used now, though applicable to some treatment as far as results are concerned. DERMA, or DERMIS. See Intecijiext. DERMAT'OGEN (Gk. S^p/ui, derma, skin, bark -f root yen-, gen-, to produce, generate; cf. 7^1/os, genos, stock, race, origin). A single layer of superficial cells at growing tips, which gives rise to the epidermis. A true dermatogen is found only in the seed-i)Iants (spcrmato)ihytes) and in the roots of fern-plants (pterido|)hytcs) . See Anatomy. DER'MATOL'OGY (Gk. S^pfui, derma, skin -}- iyo!. logos, discourse, science). The sci- ence of the management of the skin and of its diseases. Sec Skix, DERMAT'OPHYTES (Gk. S/pua, derma, skin, (pvrbv, phi/Ion. growth, plant). Crypto- garaic vegetable growths, varieties of Torula,
