vigor to his criticism. Yet he formed no school and t'olloHcd no master, so that it is dillicuU to dlril«e his position. He cannot be classed either with I'aulus, Strauss, or llaur. A tem- perate but very decided historical rationalism, on a broad basis of moral reverence, would per- haps best express his biblical standpoint. His principal works are: Ihitriinc zur Einlcititng in das allc Tcxtanicnt (1806-07): Cominrntar iiber <Iir I'siiliiHii. (1811): Lchrhuch drr hiitorisrh- krilisclirii f'inlriliniii iti die Jiihrl, nlirn und tiriirii Tcsluiiirnln (lSI7-'2t>). English trans, of Old Testament part by Theodore Parker (184.S) ; Lchrhuch drr christlichcn Oofjinatik ( 1813- IG) : Christlichc Sittciilchrc (Kn<;lish trans, by Samuel Osjjood. 18+2) : Thcodor (1828). Enplisii trans, by .lames Freeman Clark (184!)): Vnr- Irxunflcn iihcr die Kcliflion. ihr llVseii. und ihre Ernchciituiifinformen (1827): Dns TlV.wii dex christlichcn (Uaubens (1846): Excqclisches Hiindbuch zum ticurn Teslauicnt (1845-65). With .1. C. W. Auffusti he made a German translation of the entire Bible ( lleidell>erfr, 180il-ll. 5 parts; 4th ed., 1858. li vols.). Besides these, De Vette pul)lished a critical edition of the correspcmdence of Luther (Berlin. 1825-28). For his life, consult A. F. .1. Wicgaml (Erfurt, 1870).
DEWEY, Chester (1784-1867). An American scientist. He was born in Sheffield. Mass.; {;ra(luate<l at Williams CoUcfre in 1806. and was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy there from 1810 to 1827. From 1850 until 1860 he was professor of chemistry and natural philosophy in the University of Rochester. Dr. Dewey made many original contributions to science. In particular, he devoted more than forty years to the investigation of plants of the genus Carex.
DEWEY, Davis Richard (1858—). An American jiolitical economist and statistician, born at Burlington, Vt., and educated at the University of Vermont and the .Johns Hopkins I'niversity. He became professor of economics and statistics at the Massadiusetts Institute of Technology and secretary of the American Statistical As>ueiati(in. Boston. Mass. He was a member of the conunission on p>il)lic charitable and reformatory institutions in 1807. and of the .State
board on the question of the unemployed. Among
his works are h'eporls published on behalf of
these commissions, and h'inancinl llixtorji of the
United Stales ( 1002) . His Syllabus on Praclical
History Since 1S15 is a valuable work of refer-
ence.
DEWEY, George (1837—). An American naval officer, born in Alontpelier, Vt. He graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1858, and began active service on the Mediterranean station. In 1862. under Farragut. he was present at the passage of Forts Jackson
and Saint Philip on the lower Mississippi, and
in 1864-65 participated in the attack on Fort
Fisher. He became lieutenant-commander in
1865. commander in 1872, captain in 18H4, and
commodore in 1800. In 1808. at the outl>reak
of the war with Spain, he was appointed to the
eominnnd of the .siatic station, and on ^lay 1
entirely destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila
Hay. without the loss n! a man in his own fleet.
In recognition of this aehicvemcnt he was imme-
diately appointed rear-admiral, and was espe-
cially honored by Congress. He aided General
Mcrritl in the capture of the city of Manila
( .-Vugust 13, 1808), and ^ubseipiently was a mem-
ber of the Schurmun Philippine Conmiission.
His reception in the United States on iiis return
in 1800 was an enthusiastic ovation. The same
year ho was made admiral, a rank previous-
I}- attained by Farragut and Porter only.
Admiral Dewey has served on the Lighthouse
Board, as chief of the Bureau of Ei)uipnient.
and as president of the Board of In.spection and
Survey. In the months preceding the Presi-
dential campaign of 1000 his name was promi-
nently before the country for a time, but his
candidacy, from a political standpoint, was not
seriously considered. In 1001 Admiral Dewey
served as president of the Schley Court of In-
quiry. (See Schley. ) He sifrned the unanimous
report delivered by the court to the Secretary of
the Xavy on December 13, l)ut further submitted
a minority rejiort in which he dissented from cer-
tain speeilications of the principal document.
DEWEY, John (1850—). An American psychologist and philosopher, born in Burlington, Vt. He graduated in 1870 at the University of Vermont, in 1884 at the .Johns Hopkins University, and was appointed professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago. His pub-
lications include: Outlines of a Critical Theory
of Ethics (1801) ; The Siynificancc of the Prob-
lem of Knoiclcd</e (1807) : Mi/ Ptrdayogical Creed
(1807) : The School and Society (lOOO").
DEWEY, Mklvii. (1851—1. An American li-
bra lian ami educator. He was born at Adams
Centre, X. V., and graduated at .Xmherst College
in 1874. In 1876 he publi-lied his Oeeimal
Classification. founded the Library Journal, the
organ of American librarians and took an active
part in founding the American Library Association, of which he was secretary for fifteen years, and twice president. At this period he also edited the Spellinyllcforni liulletin. the Metric Bulletin, and similar cdueatiimal publications. In 1883 he became lilirarian of Columbia College, and in 1884 he established in connection with the library a school of library economy — the first of the kind in the world. This was transferred to Albany in 1800. and is known as the State Library School. He was chosen in 1880 secretary and treasurer of the Universi^v of the .State of Xew York and director of the Xew York State
Library. In the next ten years he became known
for his work in modernizing the State library and
making it one of the most efficient eolleetiims in
the world, and for organizing the State system of
traveling libraries and jiicturc collections. In
1800 he resigned as secretary of the university.
He prepared cataloguing rules that are widely
used, and his Dccimiil Classification (1885) has
passed through many editions, and has been
adopted not only in most .-Vmeriean libraries, but
al-o to n ciin^iderable extent in foreign coimtrics.
DEWEY, Oiiviu.E (1704-1882). An American Unitarian clergyman. He was born in Massachusetts, graduated at Williams College, and later became a divinity student at Andover. He lueni'hed in Boston for two years, as assistant to Dr. Channing. forming a friemlship which was only broken liy dialh. In 1823 he l)ecanie pastor of the Unitariiin Church in Xew Bi'dford. He went to Xew York in 1835, and while pastor there sceired the erection of the Church of the
