DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. M6 DOCTRINE. elegaiis et faeuiulus — Peter Aureoli, O.M., l:{22. eniinens — Saint .lohii of Matlia, O.Triii., 1213. cvaugclieu.s — Jolui W'jelif. 1384. e.vccllentissimus — Antony Corsetti, 1503. eximius — .Folin Tisserius, 0.51., about 15(54, and Knineis Siiaipz. S.J., llilT. — faniosissiniu* — Peter Alberti, O.S.B., about 1426. — faniosus— Bertrand de la Tour, O.M., 1334. — fundamental is, sublilis et perspieacissinius — John I'abcr of ISordeaiix, abmit 1350. — fundatus — William Verus (de Waria), O.M., about 1270. — illibatus — Alexander Alamannieus, O.M., fif- teentli eenturv. — ilhiminaturi— Raymund LuUi. O.M., 1315. — illuminatus et sublimis — John Tauler, O.P.. l:ilil. — illustratu.- — Franois Picenus, O.M., fourteenth century. — illustris or illustratus — Adam of Marisco, O.M., about 1380. — inch-tus — William Mackelfield. O.P.. about 1 300. — ingeniossinuis — Andrew of Xeufchateau. O.M.. about 1300. — invincibilis — Peter Thomas, O.M., fourteenth century! ?) . — invincibilis et singularis — William of Occam, O.M., 1349. — irrefragabilis, fons vitie, monarcha theologorum —Alexander of Hales, O.JI., 1245. — MUJirnus, universalis — Alan of Rvssel, O.Cist., 1202. — marianus — Saint Anselm of Canterbury, 1109, and John Duns Scotus, 0.:M.. 1308. —melliduus— Saint Rernard. O.Cist.. 1153. — mellilluus alter— .Klred, O.Cist., 1166. — mirabilis — . tonv Perez. 8..T., lt!49. — moralis- Gerhani Kudo, O.M.. 1349. — notabilis — Peter of Ryssel, O.M. — ordinatissimus or ornatissimus — John of Bas- soli, O.M„ about 1347. — ornatissimus et stifficiens — Peter of Aquila, ()..I., about I3t4. — pacificus et proficuus (profitabilis) — Nicholas Bonet. 0.:M., 1360. — planus et utilis — Nicholas of Lyra, O.M.. 1341 — |)rirclarus — Peter of Kaiserslautern, O.Prirni., about 1330. — pra-stantissinius — Thomas Netter of Walden, O.Carni.. 1431. — profundus — Thomas of Bradwardine, 1349. — profundissinuis — Paul of ^■enice, O.S.A., 142S; Gabriel Riel, 1495: .Tohn Alphonsus Curiel, 0.,S.B., 1609. — refulpiidus — Peter Philarjri (Pope Alexander v.), 1410. — resolutissinuis — William Durand of Saint Pour(.ain. O.P., 1332. — resoluttis, princeps Averroistarum — .John Ba- con. O.Carni., 1346. — seholasti<Mis — Peter Alifdard. 1142; Gilbert de la PorrCe, 1154; Peter Lombard. 1164: Peter of Poitiers. 1205; and Hufrh of Castro Novo, O.M., after 1322. — seraphiciis — Saint Ronaventiira, O.M., 1274; sometimes also Saint Francis of Assisi, O.M., 1226. — solemnis — Henry Goethnl* of Ghent, 1293. — speculativus — .Tames of Viterbo, O.S..., 1308. — sublimis — Francis of Baohone, O.Carm., 1372, and .lolin Courtecuisse, about 1425. — subtilis — John Uun» Scotus. O.M., 1308. — subtilissimus — Peter of Mantua, fourteenth i-entury ( ?) . — succinctus — Francis of Ascoli, O.M., aliout 1340. — sunmius doctorum — Peter of Belle-Perche. 1308. —universalis— Albert the lireat. O.M., 1280. — vencrandus — Walfried de Fontibus, t>.M., after 1240. DOCTOR'S TALE, Ini:. . >tory contained in Chaucer's Vanlcrbuiy Talcs, supposed to be narrated by a doctor of physic, and consisting of an English version of the Roman legend concern- ing .ppius and Virginia, as reoovuited in the Uoinitii ill' hi /I'osT. DOCTOR SYNTAX. See Combe, William, DOCTRINAIRE. (i.•.k'tr.^•nA^' ( Fr.. theorist, from Lai. iliji-irinii, doctrine). A term used to designate one who is an advooute of principles rather than of practical schemes in government and politics. After the first restoration of the Bourbons, in 1815, the term came to he applied in France to a portion of the Parliamentary Op- position which urged the ailoptiiin of a plan of government somewhat similar to the English sys- tem of a limited monarchy with Parliamentary control. For these views they were ridiculed by Republicans and Monarchists and called ilor- trinairr.':. Mounier. Lally-Tollcndal. Clermont- Tonncrre, Talleyrand, and the Abbi'> Montesquiou were the true fathers of the party. They had their rallyingpoint in the salons of the Duke de Broglie. and were led in the Chamber by Royer- Collard and supportcil in the press by Gui- zot, Villemain, liaranle. and the yoimgcr mem- bers • of wliat afterwards became the tirleans party. The development of the Constitution on the basis of the charte of Louis XVHl. was their watchword, but their real inspiration was de- rived from England. When the Revolution of 18,30 occurred, they became the advisers and min- isters of Louis Philippe, and were more deeply imbued with the ])rinciples of constitutional monarchy tlian any other political party that has ever existed in France. "The Revolution of 1S48 did away with the <loitrinain'« a-a political j>arty exerting an inlluence on the (lovcrnment, and the term ceased to be used save historically or in an abstract sense. Consult: Thureau-Oangin, /,»> parti libcrnl sous In Itisla urn lion (Paris. 1876 i, and the Memoirs of Guizot (2 vols., Paris, 1858- 68). Barante (Paris, l'890), and Duke de Broglie (Paris, 1886). There is an English transla- tion of Guizot's Mt'moires. under the title of Memoirs to llliistrnir thr History of My Oirn Time (4 vols.. London. 1858). DOCTRINE. See Dogma. DOCTRINE, Father.s of CnntsTiAX. A derii al lirollicrhood in the Roman Catholic Church. It was founded by (Y'sar de Bus (1544- 1607), who, after a dissipated military career, turning to piety, was ordain<'d in 1.582 and be- came zealous in all good works. Devoting him- self especially to opposing the progress of the Huguenots in Franci'. in 1592. he joined with Romillon, a canon of Isle, who was a convert from Calvinism, Pinelli, a canon of .vignon. and two others to form a congregation of siniilar priests for the purpose of teaching Christian doctrine to the ignorant. It was confirmed bv
