DON BENITO. 387 DONDUKOFF-KOESSAKOFF. city of Badajoz; near the left bank of tho Guad- iana. on the Ciudatl RualHadajoz Kaihvay (Map: tSpain. C 3). It is picturesquely situated and generally well built, and ix>ssesses a tine square, the Plaza de la Constitucion. with a cen- tral pninionade. The town is the centre of a dis- trict noted for its melons and whieli |)ruduees also jjrain. wine. oil. and vegetables. It has manufactures of textiles, liquids, tlour, and soap. Don Henito is a comparatively modern town, hav- injr been founded in 1477. Population, in I'.IOl, 10.(!.>ti. DON CABtOS. The title of several dramas and operas based on the life of the son of Philip II. of Spain: (1) .V tragedy by Otway, per- fonned in 1676. called by Gosse the best Knj;lish tragedy in rhjnne. Its plot was borrowed from the historical romanc*' by the .bbe de Saint Keal. (2) A drama by Sehiller. completed in 17S7. ( .*? I An opera bv Verdi, produced in Paris, JIarch 11. 1867. DON CAKLOS. See Cablos. DONCASTER, donlcns-ter (Doit + caster, AS. ifiatrr. from Lat. cast rum, camp). A mu- nicipal borough and market town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, on the right bank of the Don, 32 miles south of York (Map: Eng- land. E 3). The country around is flat but beau- tiful. Fine old elms line the broad and level road from the south. • Doncaster is very clean and well built, and contains a handsome Gothic Church of Saint George, built by Sir G. G. Scott in ISoS; a line market hall: a guildhall and com exchange. The uiunicipality owns its gas and water supply and the race-course, all of which constitute an important source of revenue. ^lar- kets, slaughterhouses, a public library, and an art school are also maintained by the town. It has manufactures of iron, brass, sacking, linen, and agricultural machines. Its com market is one of the largest in the kingdom. The Great Xorthem Railway has large machine shops here. Population, in ISfll. 2.5.933: in lilOl, 28.024. It has long been famous for its annual races, begim in 1703. and held in the second week of Septem- ber. On an eminence five miles west-southwest are the ruins of Conisborough Castle, a Xor- nian-Saxon round tower, 37 feet in diameter and 80 feet high, with walls 15 feet thick, strength- ened by square buttresses. The door is reached by an external flight of 37 steps. Doncaster was the Danum of the Romans and the Dona Ceaster of the Saxons, and suffered severely during the Danish invasion. It received municipal rights toward the end of the twelfth century. DONCELLA, or DONZELLA, d.'.nsa'Iya or di'in zil'la I Sp., It., girlt. Tlie name in the West Indies of several small, gaudy, and graceful fishes, as the snake-like carnivorous Ophidiidffi, of which one species {Ophidian marginatum) , also called 'sand-cu-sk,' extends northward to Xew York ; or of the labroid fishes of the genus Platy- glossus. especially Plntiifltossus radiatus, also called "lilupfish' and 'pudding-wife.' DON CESAR DE BAZAN, dox sft'zar' de ba'- zii.N'. I lie title if a French comedy by Dumanoir and Dennery (1844), suggested by the humorous underplot in Hugo's Huii HIiik. The hero ex- changes the title and debts of a Count of Garofa for the rags and freedom of a Zafari. He is also the subject of an English play, and of a comic opera by Massenet (1872). DON COSSACKS, Pkovince of tiii;. A re- gii>u in suuiliein Russia, bounded by the govern- ments of X'oronezh and Saratov on the north, Saratov and Astrakhan on the cast, Stavroiiol and Kuban on the south, the Sea of Azov and the governments of Ekatcriuoslav, Kharkov, and Wuonezli on the west (Map: Russia, F 5). Its area is about (i.'!,0(IO square miles. The surface is generally level, the portion lying west of the Don being slightlj- elevated. The whole territory belongs to the basin of the Don. The soil is for a large part fertile. Agriculture is the leading industry. Rye, wheat, oats, and barley are the chief cereals grown. The cultivation of the vine is carried on extensively, the output of wine being ex])ortcd all over Russia. The raising of live stock is also an important industry, iind fishing, especially for herring, gives (Hcupation to a considerable por- tion of the inhabitants. The territory' has some of the richest coal deposits in Russia, known as the Donetz Coal Basin. Coal has been mined in the territory since the end of the eighteenth cen- tury, and the present annual outi)ut exceeds 2.000,000 tons, a large portion of which is anthra- cite. Iron. lead, and salt are also mined. The manufacturing industry is but slightly developed. Tobacco and cigarette factories and flour-mills are practically the only establishments. The territory is administered by an ataman of the Cossacks, and is divided for administrative pur- poses into nine districts. The capital is Novo- Tcherkask; the chief commercial centre is Ros- tov. The population in 1807 was 2,57.5.818, of whom Cossacks (q.v. ) and other Russians com- posed nearly PS per cent., the rest consisting chiefly of Kalmucks. DON'DERBERG, or DTTNDERBESG (Dntcli. Thunder-Mount). The name of a moun- tivin on the Hudson River, a short distance below West Point, the subject of a local legend. DON'DERS, Franz CoRXELns (1818-89). A Dutch physiologist and ophthalmologist, born at Tilburg. Xorth Brabant. He was educated at the University of Utrecht, in 1847 w'as appointed lec- turer, and in 1863 professor at that institution. He established a modern physiological laboratory at the tmiversity and erected the Xedcrhindsch Gnsthuis voor Ooglijders. His researches were chielly devoted to the physiology- of optics and were considered very valuable. The introduction of prismatic and cylindrical glasses is due to him. Among his principal publications may be men- tioned: Anomalies of Accommodation and Refrac- tion of the F.iie, a subject to which he gave especial attention (published in English by the Sydenham Society) : Die l.ehre ron den Augen- bcwegungen (in German, 1847), and the so-called Law of Bonders: De leer der stofirisseling als bron der eigenwarmte (1845). DONDO, di'ix'dfi. A town in the Portuguese colony of Angola, West Africa, on the Coanza River (Map: Congo Free State. B 4). The un- healthfiil climate makes it an undesirable place for Europeans, but the town is import:uit on ac- count of its caravan trade and its ])ri)ximity to the Loanda Railway. Dondo is also the centre of the colTee trade. Tt is connected by steamers with r.oauda. Pripulatioii. :ili.>ut 3000." DONDUKOFE - KOBSSAKOFF, dAn'dv-kfif kOr-sa'kof, Alexander MicnAiLoviTCir, Prince (1822-'J3). A Russian statesman. He quickly
