DORMITORY. 400 DORNOCH. DORMITORY (1>. dunniloirc, Lat. dvnnito- riuvi, I'lDiii diirmire, to sleep). A sleeping apart- iiienl ill a iiioiiasteiy or otlier rcli^iimis otali- lisliinent, or in a large school or otlier institution, such as a lollege or university. The doniiilories of nieJia'val monasteries were often of artistic interest, being large halls divided lengthwise by rows of columns. They were of two types: (1) The open hall where all slept, together or sepa- rated merely by low wooden partitions, with hangings at the entrances ; ( 2 ) a building with separate cells o])cniiig from a corridor. The first was the primitive Benedictine type, and was brought back among tlie Cistercians by Saint I'eriiard, but the self-indulgent order of Cluny (tenth ci'utury) hail allowed to each monk a separate cell, and this became the general custom after the fourteenth century. DORMOUSE (from archaic df)rm, to sleep, Irom led. liijiina, from Lat. dormire, to sleep + Tiioi(«c). A small, arboreal rodent of the Old World family Myoxida>. The dormice, in adapta- tion to a squirrel-like e.xisteiice, have come to resemble those animals in miniature, but in or- gaiii/.ati(m are much more nearly allied to the true mice (Muridx). There are four molar teeth on each side in each jaw. their summits marked by transverse ridges. There are no clieek- pouehes and no caecum. The ears resemble those of mice. The fur is very fine and soft. The tail is long and somewhat scjuirrel-like. Tlie dormice are beautiful little animals, natives chielly of the soutli of Europe: but some species are also found in Asia and Africa, and the genus Grai)liiurus is entirely African. Four genera, containing about a dozen species, are included in the family. The l)est-known s])ecies is the red dormouse, inus- eardine, or hazel mouse (hasclmaus) (Miiscar- diiius aivllanarius) . an inhabitant of woods in most parts of Europe. It is about the size of a house mouse, with head proportionally large: has a rather pointed muzzle : large, prominent eyes, and a flattened tail thickly clothed with rather long hair: and is of a tawny red color cm the upper parts, and white beneath. It is extremely gentle and easily tamed; feeds on beech-mast, acorns, hazelnuts, grain, etc.; and spends the colder parts of winter in a state of torpidity, al- though in mild weather it wakens up to consume a little of the store of food which, like squirrels, it lays up for that season. It makes a nest of tangled or interlaced herbage, entered from above, usually in some copse or un<lerwood, and produces about four young ones at a birth. It often assumes a remarkable posture in feeding, suspending itself by its hind feet; more gener- ally it sits upon its haunches and holds its food in its fore paws. The fat dormouse (Miiotiis glis) is a larger species, grayish brown, about the size of a rat, with a tail very much like that of a squirrel, and is a native of the south of Europe, where it inhabits forests, leaping from branch to branch with great agility. The garden dormouse (Fliomtin nitrla), common in ICuroite as far north as Poland, is freipiently found in gardens, and even in outhoii.ses. It is often very destructive of the fruit of wall and espalier trees. It is rather smaller than the fat dor- mouse, and has the tail tufted only at the ex- tremity. It is called 'lerot' in France and 'Garten- schlilfer' in Oermany. DORIT, Ai.KXAN-nKR von (18.38—). An Aus- trian political economist, born at Wiener-Xeu- sladt. Jle became editor of the Triester Zei- Itniijin 1S72, and in 1884 established at Vienna the ^ olhsicirt schaf 1 1 iviic Wochfiischrifl — a i)ublica- tion followed in 1888 by the Krpvrtkuiuixiss. a commercial yearbook of the Austrollungarian monarchy. He was editor of the illustrated work entitled ZJiV 8<'(Ai;/'<ii drs Welticrkrhrs (1889 et seq. ), and in 1885 published the im- portant work Kriiiinniarinc itnd Volkswirt- schaft in Ocsterreich-V ngarn. DORN, JouAN.N Albuecht Bernbabd (1805- 81). A German-Russian Orientalist., born at Scheuerfeld, Duchy of Cohurg. lie studied at Halle and Ijeipzig. and later successively became professor of Oriental languages at the University of Kharkov (1S2(>), professor of the history and geography of Asia at the Oriental Institute. Saint Petersburg (1835), director of the Asiatic Mu- seum (1842), and chief librarian of the Imperial Public Library (1843). His works, which are devoted to the history and language of Afghani- stan and Caucasia, include: Cuspia. Vcber die KinfiiUe dcr alien lliisstn in Tnbiirislan (1875) ; A Chrestomathy of the Pushtu, or Afghan Lan- guage (with a glossary, 1847); and History of the Aff/hans, translated from the Persian of XeamuiVllah (1829-36). The last-mentioned two works were written by the author in the English language. DORNER, dor'ner, Isaak AugI'ST (1809-84). A German theologian. He was born at Xeuhau- sen ob Eck, Wurttemberg, June 20, 1809, the son of a Lutheran minister. He studied at Tiibingeu, and became a professor there in 1838, at Kiel, 1839, and in 1843 professor of divinity and councilor of the consistory at Ki'migsberg. From 1847 to 1853 he held a chair at Bonn, then re- moved to Giittingen. and in ISCil was appointed professor of systematic theology and exegesis in the I'niversity of Berlin. His best-known work is the Histori) of the Detelopment of the Doctrine of the Person of Christ (18(U-63). Other works, translations of which have been published, are: fjistorg of Protestant Theologi/ (1871) : iSi/slem of Christian Doctrine (1880-84): Christian Ethics (1887). He died at Wiesbaden. July 8, 1884. He was a strong upholder of evangelical Christianity, as o])posed to German rationalism. His eschatological views, which were not fully in accord with the prevalent theology, were sepa- ratelv translated bv Newman Snu-th, Dorner on the Future State (New York, 1883). Consult the im|>ortant Uriefircrhscl :irisehen ft. L. Mar- triifirii und I. .). D'triier (Berlin. lS><>i). DOR'NICK, DORNIC, or DORNOCK. A species of damask linen. Dornicks were formerly made in considerable qmintity at nornicli. or Tournay. in the Netherlands, and hence their name. From this place, the manufacture was probably carried to Norfolk by the Dutch, who emigrated thither during the persecution of the Duke of Alva. DORNOCH, dOr'nAu. A royal burgh and the capital of h' County of Sutherland. Scotland, sit- uated near the entrance to flic Dornoch Firth — an inlet of the North Sea. running 25 miles inland, and separating Sutherland from Ross and Cro- marty (Map: Scotland. D 2). The cathedral, built about 1245, by Bishop Gilbert Murray, was partially destroved by fire in 1570. but was restored in 1837. and is now used as the parish church, pornoeh was, in olden times, the
