D0CKWITZ. 497 DUCROCQ. had boeii appointed in 1S4S, lie prcnioted the construition of the war-vessels wliieli eonsti- tuted the llernian navv of the time. In May, 184'J. he returned to his native eity; in 1S57 he was elected burjioniaster and served for six years, his reelection to that otiiee followinj; in lS(ili. In 187.3 he retired from i>nl)lie life. His principal pid)lication is entitled Deiikuiirdiijkcilcn tuts mcincin iiffen'tlichen Lchin ISJ/l-Od (1877). DUCKWORTH. Sir John Thomas (174S- 1817 I . An Enj."lish naval ollioer, born at Leather- head (Surrey). He entered the British Navy in 1759; in 1777 accompanied the frigate Dinmoiid to Xorth America as a first lieutenant, and later served under Admiral Hyroii in the West Indies. During the var with France he commanded the Orion of the Channel Fleet, and in 1708 he di- rected the naval operations allendini; the cap- ture of Minorca. He was promoted to be rear- admiral of the white in 17!)9^ a vice-admiral in 180-1, and served in various capacities in the ^Mediterranean and the West Indies. In ISO.'i he was assipied to the direction of the blockade of Cadiz, and on February G, 1800, with seven battle- ships of the line, two fri<;ates, and two sloops, thoroughly defeated a French squadron of five battle-ships and three frigates otT San Domingo. He was sent in 1807 to dictate terms to the Porte. His orders proved impossible of execution: his negotiations resulted in nothing, and the Turks. advised by the French, having strengthened the shore batteries of the Dardanelles, he retreated. His action was much discussed. From 1810, in which year he became admiral, until 1813 he was Governor and commander-in-chief of Newfound- land. DUCLERC, du'klark', Charles Theodore Er- GfeXE (1813-88). A French statesman. He was for .some time a proof-reader for Le Bon Sens (Paris), of which he became the editor in 1836. From 1840 to 1840 he was on the staff of the Sational. to which he contributed financial articles. The events of 1848 brought him into political life, and he served as Minister of Finance for a short time. From 1871 to 187.5 he was a member of the National Assembly, and in 1875 was elected its vice-president. In the same year he was chosen Senator for life. In 1882 he succeeded Freycinet as Premier, but re- signed in 1883, owing to his disapproval of the policy iif expelling the ])rinces from the Rcpuldic. DUCLOS, dn'klA'. Charles Pixot (1704-72). A French historian, philologist, novelist, and wit, droit et adroit, as Koiisseau epigrammatic- ally described him. He was born at Dinan. His youthful frivolous tales were followed by the judicial liisloirc de Louis XI. (1745). the sound and ingenious Considtratioiis niir les mniirs dr ce siicle (I74!>), and the celebrated ileinoire.i secrets sur Ic rii/ne de Louis XIV.. hi Rcgence et le ri^r/ne dc Louis XV. (1791), among the best and most curious of the time. Dudos aided in re- vising the Dictiomiaire of the Academy, of which body lie was made perpetual secretary in 1755. His" fEurres completes (10 vols.. Paris, 1800) include an incomplete autobiography. DTJCORNET, du'kor'na', Lons CfisAR Joseph (1800-59). A French historical and por- trait painter, chiefly celebrated for the natural deformities which he overcame in order to jiaint. He had no arms and his legs were deformed. He used the brush with his feet. He studied at Lille, iiis native town, which furnished him with a pen- sion to enalile him to continue his studies in Paris under l.ethfrc. His pictures are of some merit, ami he belongs to the second-class artists of the Romantic School. Among his chief works are the "Slave Merchant." in the .Museum of Arras, a portrait of General Negrier. and the "Parting of Hector from Andromache." in the .Museum of Lille, and "Edith Finding the Body of Harold" ( 1855). I^UCOS, di.rkiV. Pierre Rooer, Count (1754- 1810). A French statesman, born at Dax (Landes). In 1792 he was elected Deputy from Landes to the National Convention, where he oted for the execution of Louis XVI. After acting as president of the .Iacol)in Club (1794), be became a member of the Council of Five Hundred, and was chairman of that body, ■Sep- tember 4. 1797, when the decree of deportation was issued against the Royalists. He was an ardent follower of Sieyfes, through whose in- iluence he became a nieinber of the Directory. After the coup d'etat of the Eighteenth Bru- maire, he became a member of the Consulate with Bona|iarte and Siey&s, and subsequently was vice-jnesident of the Senate. After the Second Restoration he fled to Germany. He was killed near Ulm through the upsetting of his carriage. DUCOXTDRAY, du'kUodra'. Gustave (1838 — ] . A French scholar and liistorian. He was born at Sens (Yonne). studied at the Lycee Henri IV., and the Ecole Normale Superieure, and was connected with the Cabinet of il. Duruy when the latter became Jlinister of Pub- lic Instruction. Subsequently he became pro- fessor of history and geography at the Ecole Normale de Saint Cloud. His puldications in- clude, besides a series of text-books for school vse, Cent rvcits d'histoire de France (1S78); Cent rMts d'histoire de France contemporaine (1881); Histoire sommaire dc la civilisation dcpuis I'oriffiiie jusqu'a nos jours (1880). DUCPETIATJX, (luk'pa'te'6', EnorARD (1804- 68 1 . A Belgian putdicist. born in Brussels, where lie devoted himself to the practice of law. He participated in the Revolution of 1830, and was subsequently aiipointcd chief inspector of the prisons and liciievolciU institutions of the country, which position he held until 1801. He was long a collaborator on the Courricr des I'di/slias. and was one of the foremost promoters of jirison reform in Belgium. Among his numer- ous writings are the following: Memoire sur le pauperisme des Flandrcs (1850); La question ■de la- charite et des associations religicuseS en Bclni'iiir (18.58). DUCROCQ, di.i'krok'. THfioPHiLE Gabriel AtorsTE 11829 — ). A French jurist, born at Lille. He studied at the College Louis-le-(!nind and the University of Paris, and was admitteil to the bar of Poitiers in 1855. In 1803 he be- came titular professor of administrative law in the I'niversity of Poitiers, and in 1884 was called to a similar chair in the I'niversity of Paris. His Cours de droit administratif (1802), admirable in arrangement and lucid in style, is an authoritative work. He has also ]niblished Lc conscil d'ftat et son histoire (1807), Etudes de droit public (1887). and Eludes d'histoire financiire et monitaire (1887).
