DUFFIELD. 504 DUFRENOY. tificd with the •new-school' movement. His publications include: Hcgcncratioii (1S32); Claims of {Episcopal JUshops Examined (1842) : Travels in the Uolij Land; The Divine Organic Laic. ... or Capital I'unishment for Murder Authorised by God (1848); and various ad- dressee and discourses. DUFFIELD, George (1818-88). An Anieri- I'an Preslnterian elerj.'j-nian. born at Carlisle, I'a. He graduated at Yale in 18.S7. and at Union Theological Seminary (1840). He held pastor- ates in ItriHiklvn. N. Y. (1840-47). Bloomfield. N. J., Philadelphia, Pa. ( 18o2-(il), Adrian, Mich. (1861-65), Saginaw. Mich. (1869-77). and Lan- sing, Mich. (1877-80). He became widely cele- brated through his hjnnns, of which "Blest Saviour. Thee I Love" "(1851) and "Stand L'p, Stand l"p for .Jesus" (1858) are the best known. DUFFIELD, .John TiioM.vs (1823-1901). An American clergjman and mathematician, born at McConnellsbiirg. Pa. He graduated at Prince- ton in 1841. and at the Theological Seminary in 1844. and in IS.il was ordained to the ministry of the Presbyterian Church. From 1847 to 1850 he was adjunct professor of mathematics at Princeton, in 1850 was appointed professor of mathematics, and from lS(i2 to 1871 was also professor of mechanics. He wrote The Prince- ton Pulpit (1850), and various monographs, in- chlding The Philosophy of Mathematics (1866). DUFFIELD, Sami EL Aigistis Wiixolghby (lS4o-87i. An American Presbyterian clergj- man and hymnologist, son of George DulTield (q.v. ). He was born in Brooklyn, X. Y'.. and was educated at Y'ale, where he graduated in 18G3. After 1882 he preached in Bloomfield. (1870) : English Hymns. Their Authors and His- tory (18SG) : and Latin Uymn-Wrilers and Their Hymns (1889), a posthumous jiublication, com- pleted by Uohert Ellis Thompson. DUFFIELD, Wn.i.i.sM Ward (1823—). An American soldier, born at Carlisle, Pa. He graduated in 1841 at Columbia, served in the Mexican War, and subsequently was connected as engineer with the construction of several rail- ways. In 1861 he was appointed lieutenant- colonel of the Fourth Michigjin Infantry, during the Civil War was twice wounded at Murlrecs- boro, and rose to be brigadier-general and brevet major-general. From 1878 to 1879 he was a member of the Michigan State Senate, later was active as a railway engineer, in 1892-93 was United States engineer directing improvements on the White and Watiash rivers, and in 1894-98 was superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. DUFFY, Sir Charles Gavax (1816-1903). An Irish patriot and author, born in the county of Monaghan. Ireland. In 1842 lie founded, in company with Thomas Davis ami .lohn Dillon, the Dublin Sation. as the organ of the Young Irelanil Party. In 1846 O'Connell cpiarreled with the Young Ireland Party, which thereupon rc- organizi'il mder the nanu- of the Irish Conlcdera- tion. With other members of that body. Diilfy was tried for treason-felony (1S48), but was nei|Uitted. He then revived the alion. founded the Irish Tenant League, was elected to the House of Commons (1852). and establislied the Inilepcndent Irish Party: but, on account of the op|Hisilion of the ultra-Koman Catholics, resigned in 1856 and emigrated to Australia, where he took up the practice of law. He became Minister of Public Works in Victoria (1857). entered the Parliament there, and was Prime Minister in 1871. He was knighted in 1873. Iteturniiig to Europe in ISSil, lie took uj) his residence at Xicc. He published Ballad Poetry of Ireland (I845i, which has passed through fifty editions; Young Ireland (1880), and its sequel. Four Years of Irish History (1883), which together cover the period from 1840 to 1850; Conversations with Carlylc (1892); Memoirs (1898): and other works. DUFOUR, dy'foor', Ciiaiu.es Valextix (1820 — I. A l-'rcnch arcli;rologist, born in Paris. He was for some time in tli<- libnuy of the Hotel de Ville. and contributed nuich to the best French magazines. His sclxdarly works liavc placed him among the foremost French archa'ologists. They include: Lcs charniers dcs i^gliscs de Paris (1866): Recherches sur la dansc macabre (1873); Le vieux Paris, scs dcrniers vestiges (1878): and liibliographie artistii/ue. historique ft littcraire de Paris acant ItSO (1882). DUFOUR, Giillavme Henri (1787-1875). A Swi^s general, known also as a cartographer and military writer. He was born at Constance. Baden, and studied at the Polytechnic School of Paris, after which he received a conunission in the French Engineers. After the fall of Xapcdcon he entered the Swiss service, and was rapidly promoted. In 1847 he conunandcil the Federal forces in the war against the Sonderbund. which he brought to a sjiecdy termination. Among his published works are: Permanent Fortifications (1824); A Manual of Military Tactics (1842); and a treatise on the .irtillery of Ancient and Mediaral Times (1840). His military map of Switzerland is a masterpiece of its kind. DUFOUR, .Je.. Marie LGon i 1780-18651. A Kreiuh <iilomologist. He was born at Saint Sever-sur-rAdour, where he i>racticcd medicine until his death. His investigiitions on the anat- omy and metamorphoses of spiders, grasshop- j)ers, scorpions, and other insects appeared in a series of more than two himdred articles which were publislied in the Annahs drs sciences nalu- rrlles. the Annates de la .S'ori<'/r i ntnmologique de France, and similar jniblications, iluring a period of fifty years (1811-61). One of his most im- jiortaiit discoveries was that of the parasitic (Iregarinidic. Among his principal works may be mint inniil /I'lr/if it/ic.'! sur les hemipteres {S'iS) . DUFRENOY, di.i'frft'nw-i'. Pierre Armand (1792-18571. . French geologist and mineralo- gist. H<' was born at .Sevran. Seincct-Oise, stud- ied at the Ecolc Polytcchnique and the Ecole des ilines, was appointed a professor in the latter, and in 1848 became its director. In 1840 he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences. His principal achievement as a scientist was the execution, in collaboration with Elic de Beaumont, of a geological map of France (1841), the puldiiation of which, from the fact that it was the first prepared of an entire country, was an important event in the learned world. In connection with this work he spent thirteen years of exploration in France. England, ami northern Spain. He also devised a new system of classi- fication of minerals, based on crvstallography. His writings include: Voyage mitallurgiqur en
