DUNCAN. 521 BUNDAS. color. Consult: Roiljjiavo. Uii tiontinj of Artists of the English l^rlivol ( I.omlon, 1878); Anii- itroiifr. Scottish I'aiiilcrs ( Luiidoii, 1888). DUNCANSBY (dun'k.iiiz-l>i ) HEAD (the Vervttlniiii of I'toleiiiy). . proiiimitoi v 210 feet high loriiiinj; the uortlieast t'Xtremity of Caith- ness, Scothind. I'.j miles east of .John o' (Jroafs House (Map: Scotland, F 1). It is noted for its e.>;tensive sea view, elitT scenery, and interesting geolojiiial pheiuiniena. DUN'CIAD, The (from Eng. Diiiifi, diiiisc, dunce, originally from Duns man, follower of John Puns Seotus, hence subtle reasoner, quib- bler, ultra-conservative. stui)id man). A satir- ical poem by Alexander Pope (q.v.). It was published, in 1728. in three books; to these, in 1741, a fourth book was added, and for the orig- inal hero. Lewis Theobald, Pope substituted Col- ley Ciblicr. DXTNCKER, diwn'ker. jr.xiMiLiAN Wolf- gang (1811-80). A (iernian historian. He was born in Herlin. and studied there and at Bonn, where he became involved in the democratic movements and was imprisoned. He became pro- fessor of history at Halle in 1842, a member of the German National Assembly in 1848, profes- sor at Tiibingen in 18o7, and director of the Prussian archives in 1867. His principal work is Cleschichte <lcs Altertums (5th ed., 1878-83; new series, 1884-86). Among his further publi- cations are Origincs dcrmanicrc (1840) and Zur Geschichle der deutschen Reichsiiersamiiiluiii] (1849). DUN'COMBE, Thomas Slixgsby (1796- 1861 ) . An English politician. He was elected to Parliament from Hertford in 1824, assisted in carrying the Reform Bill, and became a promi- nent member of the extreme Liberal Party. In 1842 he presented to Parliament the Chartist Petition. (See C}lARTis.r. ) Sir .lames Graham, the Home Secretary, having sanctioned the oi>en- ing of the letters of Mazzini. Duncombe vehe- mently denounced, in the House of Conmions, the adoption of the post-office spy system on English soil. Consult l.ifr unci Correspondence of Thomas Sliniishy Duncomhc (London. 1867). DXJNDALK, dun-dak'. A municipal borough and seaport. Ilie capital of the county of Louth, Ireland, beautifully situated at the mouth of the Castletown River. -lO miles north of Dublin (Map: Ireland, E 2). It is overlooked on the north- east by the Carlingford Mountains. Vessels drawing 16 feet can enter the harbor. Dundalk is the chief outlet for the produce of the coun- ties of Louth, Monaghan, and Cavan. and is in daily steam eonninmication with Liverpool. Be- sides large railway locomotive works, there are breweries, distilleries, tanneries, flax and jute spinning mills, and ship-building yards. The town has numerous educational institutions, in- cluding a ])ublic lilirarv. There are large cavalry barracks here. Population, in 1891. 12.440; in 1901. 1.3.067. Edward Bruce took Dundalk in 131."). and made it the *cat of his court until his death, in 1318, on the battlefield at Faughart. The city was ca[ptured by the Puritans under Crou'will in l(i49, and by Schomberg in 1689. DTJNDAS'. . town in Wentwortb County, Ontario, Can., at the head of Btirlington Bay, at the west of Lake Ontario (Map: Ontario, C 4). It has a number of mills and factories. Population, in 1891, 3.546; in 1901, 3173. DTJNDAS, llKNUY, first Viscount Melville and Baron Dunira (1742-1811). A British slates- man. The fourth son of Robert Dundas, lord president of tlie Scottish Court of Session, he w;is born at Edinburgli, and received his educa- tion at the high ^cliool and miivcrsity. He was called to the Scottish bar in 1763, :ind was succes- sively appointed Dcjmly Advocate and Solicitor- General. In 1774 he was returned to Parliament for the county of Edinliurgli, and in the follow- ing year was apjiointed Lord Advocate for Scot- land. Two years after he was made Kee]x?r of the King's Signet for Scotland. His successful career in Parliament was marked by ability ratlier than ])oIitical consistency. In o|)position to his constituents, he allied himself with the party in power, and became a strenuous support- er of Lord North's adniinistrati(m as one of the most obstinate and cynical defenders of the war with the American colonists. When Lord North resigned in 1782, Dundas continued to ludd the ollice of Lord Advocate under the Rockingham ilinistry, and under the Shelburne Ministry he became Treasurer of the Navy. In 1781-82 his investigation of Indian afl'airs originated the reform movement which led to the impeachment of Warren Hastings in 1780. He subsequently was the ablest coadjutor of Pitt, under whose Ministry he became president of the Board of Control and ]irincipal Secretary of State for the Home Department (1791). He also held a great number of otlii^r oflices. When Pitt resigned in 1801, Dundas did the same. In 1802. under the administration of Addington, he was ele- vated to the peerage under the titles of Vis- count Melville and Baron Dunira. In 1800 he was tried for "gross malversation and breach of duty." while acting as Treasurer of the Navy, but in spite of the splendid array of talent against him he was acquitted on all the charges. After this he took little part in puldic afTairs. but spent most of his time in retirement in Scotland. DtTNDAS, Sir .Iame.s Wiiitlev Deaxs (1785- 1802). An English admiral. He entered the navy in 1799 and in 1806 became commander. He was flag captain successively to Sir Thomas Parker and Sir Philip Dunham, and became rear-admiral in 1841, and connnander in the Mediterrafiean in 1852. in which year he was again promoted to the rank of vice-admiral. Upon the outbreak of the Crimean War he be- came chief naval commander, in which capacity he transported the army to the scene of action. His subsequent operations against Sebastopol were severely criticised and in 1855 he was super- seded by Sir Edward Lyon. Two years later he was promoted to the rank of admiral. DTTNDAS, Sir Riciiari) SArxnERS (1802-01). An ICngli<li admiral, educated at Harrow and at the I<iyal Naval College. He commanded a Acssel in the first war with China. In 1853 he was made a rear-admiral and two years later, upon the resignation of Napier, was appointed Com- mandcrin-Chicf of the Baltic licet which bom- barded Sveaborg (August 9-11, 1855) and block- aded the Gulf of Finland. He became vice-admi- ral in 18.'>8. DTJNDAS, RoiiKKT. Lord Arniston (1685- 175S(. A Scotch jurist. He was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates at Edin- burgh in 1709, and soon gained a reputation as an able lawyer. In 1717 he was appointed
