DYAK. 558 DYE A. bamboo bridges, cloth-weaving, and metal-work, represent some of the outcrops of Dyak genius. Among the more savage Oyak tribes are the Oloiit of the central interior; the I'unan, farther to the northeast; the Kayans; the Kouyas; the Bahau, Segai, etc. The Milanos about the Red- jang River, the Land Dyaks, the Sea Dyaks of Sarawak, Brunei, etc.. the Dusun (Idaan) of the northeast, are all more or less civilized. Some of the Dyaks take well to agriculture; and head- hunting and cannibalism, for which the Dyaks were once so famous, are rapidly disappearing. The traditional home of the Dyaks is in the mountains of the central interior, from which the so-called "Sea Dyaks,' once famous as pirates, have wandered farthest. The results of the Haddon exphjring expedition of 1898-99 have added much to our knowledge of the tribes of the interior. Besides the general works on Borneo, consult: Bock, lleail Ifitiitrrs of Borneo (Lon- don, 1881) ; Klein, Die bildenden Kihisle bei dfn Dai/ulcs auf Borneo (Vienna, 1890) ; Roth, The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo (London, 18%). DYAS. See Permian System. DYBECK, duTjek, Richard (1811-77). A Swedish archa'ologist and antiquarian, bom in Odensvi (Vestmanland) . For nearly lialf a cen- tury he made a thorough and illuminating study of the ancient monuments, the proverbs, the tra- ditions, the folk-lore and songs, and the customs of Sweden. Among the most important of his ■works are Svenska Runurkunder (185.5-59), and Sverikes Ifiiniirkunder ("The Runic ^Monuments of Sweden." 1860-70). Others are Slrenska- Forn- saker ("Swedish Antiquitv." ISo.'J-oS) : and ilUla- rcns Oar ("The Islands of Lake Millar," 1861). DYCE, Alexander (1798-1869). An English scholar and critic, born in Edinburgh. He was educated at the high school of that city, and at Exeter College, Oxford. .-Vfter olliciating for some time as curate, he settled in London in 1825. His literary reputation is chiefly based on his editions of the older English poets and authors — • George Peele. Robert Greene, John Webster, Shirley, Tiiomas iliddleton. John Skelton. Beau- mont and Fletcher. Ford and Marlowe, with biog- raphies of the authors and instructive notices. He also edited the poems of Shakespeare, Pope, Akenside, and Beattie, for Pickering's Aldine Edition of the Poets. Two old plays discovered by him, called Timon and Sir Thomas More, were publislied for the Shakespeare Society. In conjunction with Collier. Halliwell, and Wright, he founded the Percy Society for the publication of old English ballads, plays, and poems. His ability as a commentator on Shakespeare is proved by his Complete Edition of the M'orks of Shakespeare; the Text Revised: tcith Account of the Life, Plays, and Editions of Shakespeare, Notes, etc. (1857). DYCE, WiixiAM (1806-64). A Scottish his- torical painter. He was bom in .■Aberdeen, September 19. 1806. the son of a distinguished physician. At the age of sixteen he graduated from >Iarischal College. LTniversity of Aberdeen, ■with the degree of ..M. Against his father's wishes, he went to London to study painting, but vas dissatisfied with the Royal Academy, and in 1825 he proceeded to Rome. During a stay of nine months he studied" the works of Titian and Poussin, but on his second journey to Rome, 1827-28, he developed strong pre-Raphaelite ten- dencies, liis work meeting with the enthusiastic apprtJval of Overbeck and the Nazarene paint- ers. Not finding his ^ladonnas appreciated on his return to Alierdeen, he devoted himself to scientific pursuits, and afterwards to portrait painting, in which he succeeded especially well with women and cliildren. He settled in Edin- burgh in 1830, and was made associate of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1837. His pamphlet upon the application of design to manufactures, in 1837, and the publication of his report upon French and German schools of applied art, in 1840, resulted in the National and Provincial Schools of Applied Art being organized in accord- ance with his ideas. In 1844 he was made pro- fessor of fine arts in King's College, London, and in 1848 a member of the Royal Academy. In the competition for the frescoes of the new Houses of Parliament, held in 1843, Dyce was one of the successful competitors. His "Bap- tism of Ethelbert," in the House of Lords, was the first to be finished, and was deemed so suc- cessful that the other artists were instructed to adapt their design and coloring to his. He ex- ecuted for the Prince Consort, at Osborne, an impressive fresco, "Xeptune Giving the Empire of the Sea to Britannia," and was intrusted with trie decoration of the Queen's robing-room at V.'estminster. The subjects, which he him- self had suggested, were from the legend of King Arthur, typifying 'Chivalrj,' and the five which he lived to finisli are his great masterpieces. He died in London, February 14, 1864. Dyce's art represents a revolt from the eclec- tic principles of the Academy, similar to that more definitely inaugurated at a later period by the pre-Raphaelites. It is refined and taste- ful, but rather a learned art than one which appeals strongly to the senses. It resembles that of the German azarenes, except that his color- ing is better. Besides the frescoes mentioned above, among his chief paintings are "Bacchus Nursed by the Nymph" (1827); "Joash Shoot- ing the Arrow of Deliverance" (1844); "Ma- donna and Child" (1846); "Meeting of Jacob and Rachel" (18.50). The National Gallery of Scotland contains a number of his pictures. He was deeply learned in theology and patristic lit- erature, and one of the leaders of the 'High- Church ^Movement.' He was also a fine organist, and the composer of anthems. For a publication of the Book of Common Prayer, set to the an- cient music, he received the Prussian Gold Medal of Science and Art. He also published numerous pamphlets on art. Consult the article "William Dyce," in the Dictionarii of yaiional Binqraphy (London, 1888) : and in Redgrave. Dictionary of Artists in the English School (London. 1878). DYCK, dik. Van. See Van Dyck. DY'EA (American Indian, pack. load). A village in the southern district of Alaska, on Chilicoot Inlet, the east fork of L>-nn Canal (Map: Alaska. H 4). It was formerly impor- tant as n starting-point for (lie upper Yukon and the gold-fields of the Klondike. luit it has been outstripped by Skagway (q.v.). owing to the openins of the Wliite Pass and Yukon Railroad. The Dyea. or Chilkoot, route bo;.'ins at Dyea. The village has a considerable transient popula-
