DYSPHONIA. 573 rZUNGARIA. harsh and inhiirnionious, ami "breaks' when used. Di/sphonia siiastka, or "speaker's cramp,' is a spasm of the muscles of phonation or respira- tion. In this variety of dysphonia there are sudden changes to a liigh pitch, the voice becomes jerky, or ai)honia occurs. DYSTE'LEOL'OGY i f loni Gk.Sva-. di/x-. bad + tAos, tclos, end -; — .o; la, -login, account, from X^eii", legein, to say i . The doctrine of |)urpose- lessness, or of the absence of final causes in nature. The term is sometimes u.sed in the sense of frustration of purpose, as when cross-pollina- tion in plants is prevented because an insect punctures a nectary instead of entering the floral openiiifr. See Teleology. DYSU'RIA (Lat.. from Gk. Suaovpla, dys- ouriu, d. suria. from 5ii<r-. dys-, bad + oi'pov, ourou, urine). A dilliculty of passing urine, which may depend on a variety of causes. See Bladder: Strictuke. DYTISCID.a;, dl-tisl-de. See Diving Beetle. DYVEKE, du'vf-ka (1401-1517). The mis- tress of Christian II. of Denmark. She was born in Amsterdam, the daughter of Sigbrit Willums. an inn-keeper, in whose inn at Ber- gen Christian first met her daughter. Dy- veke followed him to Denmark in 1507. and until her death continued her relations with him. She was hated by the nobles, and. it is supposed, met her death by poison administered to her in cher- ries by one of them. Christian cruelly avenged her death, and retained her mother as his chief counselor till his fall. Dyeke has been made the subject of many tragedies, novels, and poems. Consult: Hauch. WUhelm Zabern (Copenhagen, 1848) ; and Reikhoff, Diiveke, a tragedy (Berlin, 1843). BZEREN, d/e'rcn. Tlie .Mongolian name for a large Central .sian "goitred" antelope (Ga^clla yutturosu) , having extremely pale horns and a protruding crop. DZIATZKO, dz.'-iits'ki'.. Kakl Fra.nz Otto (IS4-J — I. . (fcrman libiarian and author, born at Xcustadt, Silesia. He studied at the uni- versities of Breslau and Bonn, in 1872 became librarian of the former, and in 1880 librarian and professor of library science at GOttingen. .mong his puldications are a te.t edition of the comedies of Terence (1884), Instruktion fiir die Ordnung der Titel im alphabet ischen Zellel- katalog der kOniglichen und Universitatsbib- liothek zu lireslati (188G), used, with compari- son of other works, as the basis of K. A. Linder- felt's Eclectic Card Catalog Rules (Boston, 1890), and Untersiichiingcii ilber ausgeuuhlte Kapitel des antikcn Bucliuesens (1900). DZrERZON, dzPi"'tsan, .ToiiANN (1811—). A German apiculturist. He was born at Lowko- witz. Upper Silesia, studied theology at Breslau, and was pastor at Karlsmarkt from 1835 to 1869. Afterwards he devoted himself entirely to apiculture, a subject to which he had for many years given considerable attention. In order to facilitate his investigations, Dzierzon constructed a hive with detachable cells, and thus made the discovery that the eggs for the propagation of the drones required no fertilization, but could he generated by the queens, or even by the working bees. (See Pabthexogexesis. ) His publications include Theorie und Praxis des neuen Bienen- freundes (1848). and /{ationelle Bienemucht (2d ed. 1878). DZIGGETAI, dztg'ge-ta or -tai. or DjlG- fiETAi. Mongol names of one form of the Asiatic wild ass. See .Vss. DZUNGARIA, dzoon-ga're-S. See Sungaria.
