ELIOT. 802 ELIS. eastern part of Massachusetl?-. and suffered many hardships of weather, travel, and opposi- tion from the native sachems and priests. It was Kliot's policy to separate his converts from their old life, and gather them into communities of 'praying Indians.' Such a settlement was made at Xatick in 1051-52. and an Indian cluin-h organized there in lOtiO. He subsequently organ ized a dozen of such settlements. A 'Society for the Propagation of the (Jospel Among the In- dians" was formed in London in 10411. and annual- ly sent Kliot a sum of money to supplement the salary he received from the church at Ko.xhury. The outbreak of King Pliilii)'s War in 1075 in- terrupted the work and broke up tlic settlements of Christian Indians, but tiie latter rendered valuable -.ervice to the colonists during the var. Eliot's translation of the Bible into the Indian language was completed in December, 1058; the New Testament was ])ublisbed at Cam- bridge, ilass., in lOGl, the Old Testament in 1063. A revision, in preparing which he had the assistance of the Rev. John Cotton of Plymouth, was printed in 1080-85. His Indinn (Iriimmtir Bcfiun was printed at Cambridge in 1000. Of his Indiait PrhiH-r (100!)) the only complete copy known to exist is in the library of the L'niversity of Edinburgh. Other primers, catechisms, and translations of religious works for the Indians were prepared by Eliot. He was onu of the translators of the famous 'Bay Psalm-Book' (1640), and wrote several works in English'. Ilis Christian Commonwealth, or the Civil Polity of the Risi»fi Kiiifidom of Jesus Christ, published in London in 105!), was criticised as containing seditious sentiments. After the Restoration the Governor and Council of Massachusetts required him to retract some of his statements. Eliot was a man of attractive personality, simple in life and manners, and kind in temper. He died at Roxbury, May 20, 1000. Consult: Francis, John Eliot, the Apostle' to the Indians, in '"Li- lirary of American Biography," vol. v. ( Boston, IS.'JO) ; Winsor, Memorial History of Jioston, vol. i. (Boston. 1880-81). ELIOT, S.vMiEL (1821-!1S). An American educator and historian. He was born in Boston, graduated at Harvard in 18:!!». and spent some years in study and travel in Europe. In 1850 he became professor of history and political science at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., and from ISOO to 1S04 was jiresident of the same institution. From 1870 to 1S7:! he was a lec- turer on history at Harvard, from lS7.'i to 1876 was head-mastcr of the Oirls' High School in Boston, and from 1870 to 1880 was superin- tendent of the Boston public schools. As presi- dent of the Americaji Social Science .ssociation he was active in the first organized movement for the reform of the civil service in 180!). He is the author of numerous historical works, among which arc The Ancient I'omans (ISo.'i) and The Early Christians (185.'i), forming the first two parts of a projected History of Liberty; A Man- ual of United (States llistorii Between the Years 77.92 and IS'iO (1856); /'oe(ri/ for Children (1879): Stories from the Arabian Nights (1870) : and Selections from American Authors (1879). ELIOT, Sami-el Atkins (1802—). An American clergyman of the Unitarian Church, born at Cambridge, Mass. He graduated at Har- vard in 1884. and held pastorates at Denver, Col. (Unity Church, 1880-03), and Brooklvn, N, Y. (Church of the Saviour, 18!)3-08). From 1898 to 1900 he was secretary of the American Uni- tarian Association, and in 1000 became its presi- dent. ELIOT, Sir TiioM.s. See Ei.YOT. EL IPAN'DUS. See Adoptiax Controversy. EL'IPHAZ. One of the friends of Job. He is docrilKil ill .lob ii. 1 1 as a Temanite. The repu- tation for wisdom of the Edomites probably ac- counts for the choice of a native of the Edomitish district of Tcman as the leader of the three friends. In the dialogues, his speeches are charac- terized by a certain courtly dignity, kindliness of judgment, and grace of style not so marked in the other interlocutors. His apjieal to the authority of revelation, and his general attitude, is best reflected in the classical description of his vision in I 111' night. Job iv. 12-21. E'LIS (Lat., from Gk.'HXis.Elean fdXis. Wilis; ccnncctcd pcrhajis with Lat. ro//i.s, valley). One of the ancient divisions of the Peloponnesus, bounded north and northeast by Acha'a, east by Arcadia, south by Messenia, and west by the Ionian Sea. It was originally ilivided into three districts — Ccele or Hollow Elis, I'isatis, and Tripliylia. Of these the lirst-nanicd occupied the nortlicrn part, and was by far the largest and most valuable, comprising as it did the fertile plains watered by the Pcneus and the Ladon. and producing excellent crops of wheat, cotton, and tlax: while the pastures by the river banks reared cattle and horses of proverbial excellence. Pisa- tis. in the central jiorlion. is drained by the Alpheus. and is se])arate<l from Cicle Elis by Mount Plioloe, a sinir of Krymantlius. The low grounds of this division possess great natural fertility. Its southern border was the Alpheus, at whose juncture with the Cladeos was situated the great sanctuary of Olympian Zeus. (See Oi,YMri..) South of the Alpheus was Triphylia, a contimuition of the Arcadian hill-country. Pisatis and Triiiliylia were subject districts, the ruling Eleans, or Epcians, dwelling on their fer- tile estates in the north. Though Elis had no natural strongholds and few fortified towns, it yet sufl'ered little from war before the end of the fifth century B.C. — an advantage due in part to the sacred character of the country as the seat of the greatest of the national festivals, and in part to its political situation, for the Elean oligarchy which controlled the cities early united the State to the Spartan League. During the Peloponnesian War. however, the Athenians har- ried the coasts, and from that time the fertile territory was frequently plundered. The inhab- itants seem to have been unwarlike. and were ac- cused by the other Greeks of being addicted to lying, drunkenness, and licentiousness. Their prerogative of holding the Olympic games gave the Eleans a prestige which they ccmtinued to enjoy in greater or less degree till the game3 themselves were suppressed by the EmiK'ror The- odosius in .v.u. 304. Elis. now Ialosko)>i, the capital of Elis, stood on the Pencus, and after its extension in B.C. 471 became one of the im- portant cities of Greece. Here were the three gymnasia in which all the competitors at the Olympic games were obliged to take their pre- liminary training. Since 1809 Elis has formed a nomarchy of the Kingdom of Greece, the capi-
