GBAMONT. 118 GBANACCI. of his favorites. This caused him to be banished from France in lt)02. He found a refuge at the Court of Charles II. of England. Here, after many adventures, he married Eliza Hamilton, sister of Anthony, Count Hamilton. He then went to France (16(i4) and served in the Low Countries. His wife became one of the ladies at the Court of the Queen JIaria Theresa. He had two daughters, one of whom was married to Henry Howard, Jlarquis of Stratford, and the other became Abbess of Poussay, in Lorraine. The famous Mimoires dii Coinie de Gramont were written by his brother-in-law, Anthony, Count Hamilton (q.v.), trans, in Bohn's Library (London, 184G). GRAMOPHONE. An apparatus, invented by Emile Berliner for the reproduction of sound, difl'ering from the phonograph and graphophone in that it employs a disk instead of a cylinder as its record. The original disk on which is a stjdus connecting with a diaphragm vibrating under the influence of the sound-'waves, is of glass, and the record is made on a lampblack surface. This disk revolves on a horizontal plane, and varies from the cylinder of the phonograph in that it cannot be used directly for reproduction, but re- quires a corresponding disk of hard rubber which is prepared from a metal die photographically etched from the original lampblack disk. The diaphragm is so arranged that it travels outward during the revolution of the disk on which the record is made in a long spiral. The stylus is pivoted so that it connects with the diaphragm and has a lateral motion. Save in this mechani- cal detail the principle of the instrument is es- sentially the same as the phonograph (q.v.). GRAMTIANS. An Australian mountain range extending north and south in the western part of Victoria (Map: Victoria, B 4). From its eastern slope flow the Glenelg and its afflu- ents. The loftiest peak of the range, Mount Wil- liam, is 4500 feet above the sea. GRAMPIANS. The principal mountain sys- tem in Scotland, separating the Highlands from the Lowlands (Map: Scotland, E 3). They run from northeast to southwest, forming the well- known high grounds of Aberdeenshire, Kincar- dineshire, Forfarshire, and Perthshire. The aver- age elevation of this main range is from 2000 to 3000 feet; the highest elevation is Ben Nevis (4406 feet), at its western extremity. An out- lying branch of the Grampians extends northward from near the head of the valle.y to the Dee, and comprises among its chief summits Ben Mach- dhui (4296 feet) and Cairngorm (4048 feet). Southward to the western extremity of the Gram- pians are situated numerous groups and chains of greater or less extent. Among these the chief summits are Ben Cruachan (3693 feet). Ben Lo- mond (3192 feet), Ben More (3845 feet), Ben Lawers (3984 feet), and Shichallion (3547 feet). The Grampians present toward the Lowlands a bold aspect, but in places they slope gradually into the fertile country below, and are every- where intersected by beautiful valleys. On the north side the mountains are more rugged and are difficult to traverse. Two railroads cross them in the wildest parts : one through the Pass of Lerry and Glenogle. and the other by way of the Pass of Killiecrankie and Glengarry. The name Grampians applied to this mountain sys- tem by modern writers represents the Graupius (changed by an error to Grampius) Mons of Tacitus, a mountain (or range), the scene of the defeat of Galgacus by Agricola, the location of which has not been determined. See Kicpert, Lchrbiich dcr alien Ucugmphic, par. 462. GRAMPUS (older form grainpasse, from Sp. gran pez, grampus, great fish, from gron, great, and pez, fish). A genus of large dolphins (Del- phinidfe), having a spindle-shaped body, thicker in proportion than that of the porpoise, from which this animal differs also in the greater height of its dorsal fin, in the upper jaw pro- jecting a little over the lower, and in the smaller number of teeth, which are wanting in the upper jaw of adults, and are from six to fourteen in the lower jaw. The color is slaty-gray more or less streaked with white. The genus is nearly related to that of the caaing whale (q.v.). Several spe- cies are known in the northern oceans and in the Jlediterranean Sea. The common grampus, or 'cowfish' (Grampus griseus) , is sometimes twenty feet long, and is a slow-moving, wholly inoffen- sive animal. It feeds on squid, swimming mol- lusks. and small fish. The name 'grampus' is popularl}' applied to almost any cetacean which is too large to be called a porpoise and too small to be called a whale. GRAN, griin (Hung. Esztergom. Lat. Stri- gonium). A royal free town of Hungary and capital of the county of the same name, on the right bank of the Danube, 25 miles northwest of Budapest (Map: Hungary, F 3). It consists of tile town proper, the archiepiscopal or 'water' town, and two suburbs; and is the seat of the Prince Primate of Hungary. The most striking architectural feature is the large cathedi'al. built in 1821-56, in the Italian Renaissance style, in a connnanding position, with an imposing dome like that of Saint Peter's in Rome. The church is 348 feet long, and is the most beautiful one in the kingdom. The elaborate interior is adorned with several fine paintings, monuments, and chapels. Among other noteworthy buildings are the Church of Saint Anne, with its dome, the old and the new archiepiscopal palaces of the Primate, the semi- nary for priests, the county building, and the town hall. The suburbs are attractively laid out, and have handsome residences. Agriculture is the chief industry, and wine the principal article of commerce. Several warm saline and sulphur springs afford medicinal baths. Po]iulation. in 1890, 15.749: in 1900, 16,948. Gran, which is one of the oldest towns of Hungary, was the residence of the Hungarian Prince Gejza; and here was born his son. Saint Stephen, first King of Hungary, who was converted to Christianity in 1000, .and established the See of Gran the next year. The town was a great commercial centre, but was destroyed by the Tatars in 1241 and never regained its former importance. Be- tween 1543 and 1683 it was held by the Turks. GRANACCI, gra-nii'che. Fr. cesco (1477- 1543). A Florentine painter, friend of Jlichel- angelo, and pupil of Ghirlandajo. After his master's death he completed many of the paint- ings which the former had left unfinished, but his later manner was nearer to Raphael and da Vinci. He collaborated with Michelangelo on the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel. His principal works are: at Florence, a "Virgin Giving Her Girdle to Saint Thomas." at the "Uffizi. and at the Pitti a "Holv Family;" at Berlin, a "Trinity;" and at
