GRIPE. 203 GRISELDA. The character doubtless owes mueli to Molitre's Sganarelle. GRIPPE (Fr. la ffrippe). An infectious dis- ease ch;iracterized by fever, catarrhal affections of the respiratory and digestive systems, and nervous disorders. See Infli'EXZA. GRIQUALAND ( gre'kwa-land ) EAST. An eastern disUict of Cape Colony, South Africa, bounded northeast by Natal, southeast by Pondo- land, south by Tenibuland, west by Barkly East, and northwest by Basutoland (Jlap: Ca|)e Col- ony, N 7). Area. 7594 square miles. l'o])u!a- tion. in IS'Jl. 152. (ilS, including 4150 whites. Since 1S75 it has been a dependency under the jurisdiction of Cape Colony. Capital. Kokstad, named after Adam Kok, a Griqua chief, who migrated to the district with 15,000 Griquas, a hylirid race of Dutrli and native origin. GRIQUALAND WEST. A northern district of Cape Colony. South Africa, bounded north and west by' Bechuanaland, east by the Orange River Colony, and south by the Orange River (Jlap: Cape Colony, H 5). Area. 15,197 square miles. Population! in 1891. 8.3.375. including 29.G70 whites. It is famous for its diamond- fields, discovered in 1807. when the territory belonged to Waterhoer. a native chief. The disturbances caused by boundary disputes with the Orange Free State and Transvaal Republic resulted in Waterboer's consent to the annexa- tion of Griqualand to Cape Colony in 1871. the chieftain's interests being assured. It wa.s in- corporated as four of the seventy-seven divisions of Cape Colony in 1880. The principal towns are Kimberley (capital). De Beers. Griqua Town, Douglas. Belmont, and Barkly. GRIQUAS, gre'kwas. Half-caste Dutch-Hot- tentots of Griqualand East and West. South Africa. Formerly they lived farther south in Cape Colony, but about the middle of the last century they migrated beyond the Orange River luider their chiefs VVaterboer and Adam Kok. Sub- sequently the latter, with some followers, moved east to the district now known as Griqualand East. The country of the Western Griqus is a des(date upland 4000 feet in altitude, but con- taining the richest diamond-fields in the world. Tile (Jriqiias are an interesting example of a racial mixture transplanted to an isolated habi- tat, and thus taking the first step in the forma- tion of a distinct race of mankind. This develop- ment, however, has been arrested through the settlement of their country by the whites. GRISAR, gre'ziir', Albert (1808-09). A Belgian dramatic composer, born in Antwerp. Originally intended for a mercantile career, he soon left his employer and went to Paris, where he studied for a time under Reicha. In 1833 his first opera. Lc mfiviaffr iinpofi.'iihJc, was pro- duced successfully in Brussels, and gained the composer a Government subsidy, which enabled him to continue his studies in Paris. In 1840 he went to Naples to study under Mercadante. but meanwhile he had ]iroduced a number of operas in the leading Paris theatres. Upon his return to Paris, in 1848. Grisar composed a sec- ond set of operas, which are marked by a con- siderable advance on his earlier works. Among his more important njieras are: ffnrrih (1830); L'opcra a hi cour (1840), jointly with Boieldieu ; Le rnriUonneiir <lr flruijcs (1852): Lc.s ninniirs du diablc (1853) ; Begaiements d'amour (1864). lie died at Asniferes, near Paris. In 1870 his statue was i)laced in the vestibule of the Antwerp Theatre. GRIS'COM, .John (1774-1852). An Anicri<an educator. He was born in Salem County, N. .1.; «as educated at the Friends' Academy, Phila- delphia: and for thirteen years was principal of a Friends'* school. .Then for twenty-five years he taught in New York ('ity, where he projected and for six years supervised tlie New York lligli Scho(d. He was also one of the founders and the secretary of the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism. He helped to establish the medical departnu'iit of Rutgers College, where for four- teen years he was professor of chemistry and nat- ural philosophy. He made a tour in Eurojjc to inspect institutions of charity, reform, and edu- cation, including manufactories, and published his observations in A Year in Europe (1823). He also wrote a book entitled Monitorial Instruc- tion (1825). Consult a Memoir of Dr. Griscom by his son (New Y'ork. 1859). GRISEBACH, gre'ze-baG, August Heinricii RuuoLF ( IS 14-79). A German traveler and bot- anist, born at Hanover, and educated at Giit- tingen and Berlin. He was appointed professor at Gottingen in 1841, and in 1875 was made di- rector of the botanical garden there. Several of his works are devoted to discussions of the flora of the West Indies and of the American tropics. They include: l^picilefriuni Flora" Ru- melicw (2 vols., 1843-45) ; Die Vegetationslinicn des nordwestlichen. Dcutschhinds (1847); Sys- tematische Untersuchiingen iiber die Vegetation der Karaihen (1857) ; Flora of the British West Indian Islands (1859-64); Die YegetaHion der Erde narli ihrer klimatischen Anordnung (2d ed. 1884). GRISEBACH, Eduard (1845—). A Geriuan diplomat and author, son of the preceding. He was born and educated at Gottingen, and was vice-consul of the German Government at Smyrna, and consul at Bucharest, Saint Petersburg, Jlilan, and Port-au-Prince, Haiti. He first attracted attention by his poems Der neue Tannhiiuser (17th ed. 1892) and Tann- hmiser in Horn (7th ed. 1890), which were pub- lished anonymously. In his writings he mani- fests originality and some eccentricity in the selection of his subject.? and their treatment. His works include: Die deutsche Litteratur scit 1110 (4th ed. 1880) : Die tretdose Wit we, in which the author traces the development and treatment of a Chinese fable (5th ed. 1S8G) ; and KinKu-Ki-Kuan : Netw und alte Xorellen der ehinesisehen Tausendundrine Ifacht (1880); and Phines-isehe Xorellen (1884). His editions of Schopenhauer's works, including many posthu- mous numuscripts of the great philosopher, are also important. GRISELDA, gri-zel'da, or GRISELDIS, gri- zel'dis. The heroine of a celebrated mediseval tale, which probably had its rise in Italy. A poor girl, a charcoal-burner, is raised to be the wife of the JIarquis of Saluzzo, who puts her hiunility and obedience to the severest tests. She, however, passes through them all trium- phantly, and a reconciliation takes place. In this legend the endurance and self-renunciation of the loving woman are represented as carried to the highest pitch. We find the tradition first worked up into a tale, said to be founded on fact, in
