GRISWOLD. 296 GBODEK. Vt. By serving an apincnticpship to a news- paper publisher, he ue(|iiired praetieal knowl- edge of printing and editing. Wearying of this work, he studied theology and preached accept- ably as a Baptist minister, but finally turned to editing anJ eunipiling. He was associated from 1841 till his death with various magazines and journals, beginning wilh (lidluntrs in Philadel- phia. Besides his editorial work he compiled the once very popular and still useful Poets and Poetry of America (1S42) ; Poets and Poetry of England in the Sincteenth Century (1845); Prose Writers of America (1846) ; Female Poets of America ( 1848) : l^acrcd Poets of England and America ( 1840) . Knmerons other works, written singly or in collaboration, are now practically for- gotten. He edited the first American edition of Mil ton's I'rosr. and as literary executor of Poe superintended the first edition of that poet's works (1850), to which he contributed a Memoir that w'as a suliject of much controversy. Gris- wold was industrious and well-meaning, but not discriminating in his criticism. Still he did im- portant work in encouraging young Avriters and stimulating interest in American literature; and his correspondence, published by his son, W. M. Griswold (Cambridge, Mass.. 1898), is of great value. GRISWOLDVILLE, griz'wold-vil. A village in Jones County, tia., about 10 miles east by north of JIacon, on the Central of Georgia Rail- road (Map: Georgia, C 3). On November 22, 1864, it was the scene of a stubborn engagement between a brigade of Sherman's army under Gen- eral Walcott and a division of the Georgia Con- federate militia under General Phillips. The lat» ler attacked and retired after several hours of fighting. The Federals lost 84 in killed, wounded, and missing. General Walcott being among the wounded. The Confederates lost 600. Popula- tion, about 100. GRIT. See Sandstone. GRIVEGNEE, gre've-nya'. A town of Bel- gium, in the Province of Li^ge, sitiuated about two miles southeast of Li^ge. on the right bank of the Ourthe (Map: Belgium. D 4). It has manufactures of ships, machinery, engines, and other metal products. Population, in 1890, 9569; in 1900. 10.5.50. GRIVET (from Fr. gri-s, gray + rf-r-^ green). A small monkey (Cereopithecns griseo- viridis) , one of the guenons inhabiting North- eastern Africa. It is olive-green in color on the back, while the face and under parts are white, and the root of the tail is gray. A broad white band on the forehead distinguishes it from the vervet. These monkeys go about in small bands, are not numerous, and are docile, good-tempered, and intelligent in captivity. GRIZZLE, Mas. The shrewish wife of Com- modore Trunnion and sister of the title character, in Smollett's Peregrine Pickle. GRIZZLY BEAR, See Bear. GROAT (Dutch groot, great) . A name given in the Jliddle Ages to all thick coins, as distin- guished from the 'bracteates' (Lat. bractea. a thin plate or leaf), or thin coins of silver or gold leaf stamped so as to be hollow on one side and raised on the other. Groats differed greatly in value at different times and in different countries. The silver groat once current in England (intro- duced by Henry III.) was equal to fourpence. The coin, though not the name, was revived in the modern fourpenny piece. Groschen wei'e until lately current in Germany. The silver groschen, or neu-yroscheu, of Prussia and the ZoUverein, was ^•jj. of a thaler, ami was wortli two cents, American; the guier groschen of Hanover was Jj of a thaler, and was worth three cents, American. GROAT'S- WORTH OF WIT, A, Bought with A Million of Kepenta.nce. A tract by Robert Greene (q.v.) discovered after his death, together with a pathetic letter to his wife. It was licensed in 1592, but apparently not published until 1596. The story is in part autobiographical, and con- tains an allusion to Shakespeare as "an ujjstart crow." GROBEN, greTjen, Otto Friedrich von deb (1657-1728). A German traveler, born at Pret- ' ten, Prussia. At the age of si.xteen he went to the Orient, wjiere he traveled for many years. In 1682 he was sent by Frederick William of Brandenburg to the western coast of Africa, where, in the following year, he founded Fort Grossfriedrichsburg. named in honor of the Great Elector, on the coast of Guinea. An ac- count of his tours is published in his work enti- tled Orientalische Rcisebeschrcibiing des bran- denburgischen adelichen I'ilgers, nch.^t dcr bran- denburgischen Schiffahrt nach Guinea und der Verrichtung zu Morca (1694), the last-mentioned reference bearing upon. the author's subsequent experiences in the wars of Poland and Venice against the Turks. GROBER, greTjer, Gustav (1844—). A Ger- man scholar in Romance literature and linguis- tics. He was born in Leipzig, and was ediicated there. He was docent at Zurich (1871-74). then became professer at Breslau, and in 1880 went to the University of Strasshurg. In 1877 he became editor of the Zcitschrift fiir ronianische Phllologie, and in 1880 began the publication, as editor-in- chief, of the Grundriss dcr roinanisrlicn Philologic, to which he contributed articles on Latin litera- ture during the Middle Ages, and on the history of Romance philology. Grijber's other works in- clude: Die handschriftlichen Gestaltungen der Chanson de Geste con Fierabras (1869) : Die nit- fran:i>sischen Romanzen und Pastourellen { S7'2) ; Carmina Clericorum (7th ed. 1890) ; Zur Volks- kunde aus Concilbeschliissen und Kapitularien (1894); Abriss der lateinischen Litteralur des Mittclaltrrs( ISdS) : and Abriss der franziisischen Littcrntur des Mittclalters (1897). GROCYN, gro'sin, Willi.m ( ?1446-1519) . An English Hellenist, supposed to have been the first publicly to teach Greek at Oxford. He was born at Colerne, Wiltshire, and after studying at Oxford, visited Italy to pursue under Politian and Chalcondyle the study of Greek, at that time little cultivated in England. He received his ap- pointment at Oxford about 1492. Grocyn was the friend of Linacre. More. Colet, and of Erasmus, who speaks of him as his patronus et prccceptor. With the exception of an epigram on a lady who threw a snowball at him, and his Latin let- ter to Aldus Manutius. which is prefixed to Lin- acre's Prodi f^phara (Venice. 1499), no writings by Orocvn are knoAvn. GRODEK, gnVdek. A town of the Austrian Crownland of Galicia, situated on a lake about 20 miles southwest of Lemberg (Map: Aus-
