GTJILDFOKD. 354 GXJILLAUME DE LORRIS. guildhall, corn .market, county hospital, insti- tute, and free grammar school founded by Ed- ward VI. Guildford is a suffragan bishopric to Winchester. The town owns its markets anil water-supply. Guildford was bequeathed in the will of Alfred the Great to his nephew Ethel- wald, and was a royal demesne and occasional regal residence until 1630. Population, in 1891, 14,800; in mOl, 16,000. GXTILDHALL. An important public building in London, which may be regarded as the town hall, and is the place of assembly of several courts, as the court of common council, the court of aldermen, the chamberlain's court, and a po- lice court presided over by one of the aldermen. The construction of the building was begun in 1411. It was partially destroyed in the great fire of IC6G, but was soon restored, and in 1789 it was altered to its present form. The hall proper is 153 feet in length, 48 in breadth, and 55 in height. It has been famous for centuries for the magnificence of its civic feasts. The first time it was used for this purpose was in 1500, when Sir .John Shaw, goldsmith, who had been knighted on the field of Bosworth, first gave here the Lord ilayor's feast. GUILD OF ARQUEBTJSIERS, ar'kwe-bus- erz'. A painting li.v Jan van Raveste.vn, represent- ing twenty-five arquebusiers descending the stairs of a shooting gallery after practice. It now hangs in the town hall of The Hague. GUILFORD, gll'ferd. A borough in a tow-n of the same name. New Haven County, Conn., 16 miles east of New Haven; on Long Island Sound and on tlie New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Connecticut, E 4). It has a circulating library; and an old stone house, built in 1639, now serves as a State museum. The borough is engaged in agriculture, is the seat of a considerable canning industry, and has a distillery of witch-hazel, and manu- factures of iron, wheels, etc. Population, in 1900, 1512. Settled as Menunkatuck, in 1639, by a company from England under the Rev. Henry Wiitfield, Guilford received its present name and became part of the New Haven Colonv in 1643. The borough was incorporated in 1818, and in 1826 the town was divided, Madison being set off as a separate township. There is a tradition, ap- parently well authenticated, that the regicides Goffe and Whalley came to Guilford in 1660 to surrender to William Leete. a native of Guil- ford, then Governor of the New Haven Colony, and that they were carefull.y secreted for several days and nights in the Governor's cellar. Guil- ford was the birthplace and the home for many years of the poet Fitz-Greene Halleck. Consult R. D. Smith. History of Guilford (Albany, 1877), and an article in the ]few England Magazine, new- series, vol. i. (Boston, 1884). GUILFORD, Earl of. See North, Lord. GUILFORD COLLEGE. A town (incorpo- rated in 1895) in Guilford County, N. C, si.x miles west of Greensboro; on a branch of the Southern Railway (Jfap: North Carolina. CI). It is the seat of Guilford College (Friends), established in 1837. GUILFORD COURT HOUSE. Formerly a small village in CJuilfnrd County, N. C, five miles northwest of Greensboro (Map: North Carolin.i, CI). A battle lasting five hours was fought here, March 15, 1781, between 4404 Americans under Greene and 2213 English under Corn- wallis, the former losing 400 and the latter 600 in dead, wounded, and prisoners. Though neither side gained a decisive advantage, the battle hai been regarded as a great strategic victory for Greene, as it closed a campaign in which Corn- wallis was outgeneraled and forced to abandon the C'arolinas. The site of the battle has Vjeen converted into a park, highly improved, and a numlier of monuments have been placed here. GUILLAUME, ge'yom', Eugene ( 1822-1905) . A Frencli sculptor. He was born at Montbard (Cote-d'Or), July 4, 1822, and entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1841. He won the Prix de Rome in 1845, and a first medal in the Salon of 1855. His first important work, and that on which his reputation chiefly rests, is the splendid group of the Gracchi in the Luxem- bourg, two half-length figures in bronze. Other works in the same style are the "Roman Mar- riage" (1877), two statues of Napoleon as lieu- tenant of artillery and as Emperor, and the mon- ument of the architect Duban. Guillaume mod- eled busts of Ingres, Balbard, Buloz. Sequin, Jules Ferry, President Gr^^-y, Monsignor Darboy, and others, including six busts of Napoleon. His ideal figures are less fortunate; the best known of these is the group of "JIusic" on the fagade of the new Opera House. In his personality and in his work Guillaume was scholarly, dignified, and severe. He received medals of honor at the Expositions of 1807 and 1878, was a member of the Institute, and was pro- fessor at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts from 1865 to 1875 and also a director of that institution. He was also a prominent lecturer and writer oa the fine arts. His article on Michelangelo as sculptor, in the Michelangelo volume of the Gazette des Beaux- Arts (1876). is one of the finest appreciations of that great master ever written. Consult Gonse. Heidpture frani;aise (Paris. 1895). GUILLAUME DE CHAMPEAUX, de shiiN'- p6' (C.I070-1121). A French scholastic, born at Champeaux. He was a pupil of Anselme de Laon in Paris, and afterwards opened a school himself in connection with the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Here one of his scholars was his great rival, Abelard. .Jealous, it is said, of the younger man's brilliancy. Champeaux removed to a sub- urb of Paris, where he founded the Abbey of Saint Victor (1113). At this time he was made Bishop of Chnlons-sur-Marne. In the controversy regarding investiture he took the part of Calixtns II.. and was his representative at the conference of Mousson. He stood for realism as against the nominalism of Abelard. but in a less positive and more scientific form than that of his old master, Anselme. Only three of his treatises have been printed, and these among the works of Saint Bernard. He has been called 'the first dialecti- cian' of the realist sect. Consult: Haureau. De la philosophic seholastiqiie (Paris, 1850) ; and ilichand. Giiiilaiime de Chniiiprniix et les Scales de Paris an Xllrine sieele (ib. 1867). GUILLAUME DE LORRIS. 16'res' (c.1215- C.1240). A French mediiTval poet, born at Lorris. Of the man himself nothing is known, except that he was the author of the Roman de la Rose (q.v.). Four thousand of the twenty-two thou- sand lines in the poem are his, and the sudden
