GUYON. 400 GUYTON DE MOBVEAU. Utli), iind in I'cbruaiy, 1849, as a comniaiuler uf a division in Goigey's army, carried tlie mountain pass of J3ranyiszUo. When in April, 184!), the j,'arrison of the besieged fortress of Komorn was to be apprised of the victorious approach of the National Army, Guyon, with a detachment of hussars, cut his way through the enemy's lines and entered the town. He took Arad, July 1st, and shared in the victory of Hegyes, and in the disasters of Szoreg and Teniesvar. After the last battle Guyon escaped to Turkey, and entered the service of the Sultan. Under the name of Kurshid Pasha he was Governor of Damascus, and at the beginning of the Crimean War did much to organize the Army of Kars. He died at Constantinople. GTJYON, Sir. The personification of tem- peranpe. and the hero of the adventures of the second book, in Spenser's Faerie Queene. He overcomes the various specific forms of intem- perance, and finally conquers Acrasia, tlie per- sonification of intemperance in general. GUYOT, ge'6', Arnold (1807-84). A Swiss- American geographer and geologist, born near Nenchatel. Switzerland. He studied at the Col- lege of Neuchatel and the University of Berlin, from 1835 to 1839 was a private tutor in Paris, and from 1839 to 1848 professor of history and physical geography in the College of Neuehatel, In' 1848 iie settled at Cambridge, Mass., in the same year gave a series of lectures at the Lowell Institute, Boston, from 1848 to 1854 was in the service of the Massachusetts State Board of Education as a lecturer, and from 1855 until his death was professor of physical geography and geology- in Princeton. He also held a lecture- ship in Princeton Theological Seminary from 1861 to 1866. In 1838 he made one of the ear- liest scientific investigations regarding glaciers, and in a paper submitted in that year to the Geological Society of France was the first to proclaim and account for the laminated structure of the glacial ice. He perfected a system of meteorological observations for the United States from which the present Weather I-Iurcaii was de- rived ; made barometric surveys of the Appala- chian !Mountain chain, and prepai'ed Mcteorolofii- cal and Phi/sieaJ Tables (1852; rev. ed. 1884), a collection that has been very extensively used. He also did much for the study of geography in America tlirougli the preparation of series of text-books and wall-maps, for which he obtained a medal of progress at the Vienna Exhibition of 1873. In addition to numerous papers contrib- uted to the American Journal of fieienre, the reports of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science and the Smithsonian In- stitution, and other periodicals, he published Earth and Man (1853; the Lowell Lectures, translated by C. C. Felton) ; A Treatise on Phys- ical (reogruphy (1873) ; Memoir of iMuis Agas- sis: (1883); and Creatimi, or the Bible Cos- mogony in the Light of Modern Science (1884). Consult the sketch by Dana in the Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (vol. ii.. pp. 311-47. Washington. 1886). con- taining the text of an address read before the National Academy, April 21, 1886. with a com- plete list of Guyot's writings. GUYOT, Yves (184.3—). A French politician and publicist, born at Dinan (Cotes-du-N^nrd) and educated at Rennes. After a career as a jour- nalist, and as a member of the Radical I'arty in the Chamber of Deputies, he was appointed Min- ister of Public Works in the Tirard t^abinet (1889), and retained this portfolio in the Frey- cinet Ministry (1890-92), He became known as a champion of commercial and industrial free- dom, and an opponent of protectionism and so- cialism. M. Guyot took a prominent part in the discussion over the Dreyfus affair. His works include: Eludes siir tes doctrines sociales dii cliristianisnie (2d ed. 1881); La science ccono- Hiir/Hc (2d ed. 1887) ; and L<i tyrannic socialist'; (1893). In association with A. Ratl'alovitch he published a Dictionnaire du commerce, dc I'iii- dustrie ei de la hanque. GUYSBOROUGH, giz'bflr-fi. A seaport town, capital of (iuysliorough Count}', N. S., on Cheda- bucto Bay, 61 miles east-southeast of Pietou (Map: Nova Scotia. H 4). It has a fine harbor. Fishing is the leading occupation. It was founded in 1783. Population, in 1901, 1411. GUYSE, giz. .John (1080-1761). An Englis.'i Presbyterian divine. From 1727 till his death, November 22. 1761, he was a preacher in London. He is remembered for his Practical Expositor, an Exposition of the New Testament in the Form of a Paraphrase (London. 1739-52), frequently republished and re])rinted, and once very popular, but now hopelessly antiquated. GUY'S HOSPITAL, Southwark, London. An institution founded by Thomas Guy(q.v.), a Lon- don bookseller, who leased from the governors of Saint Thomas's Hospital a large piece of ground for a term of 999 years, at a ground-rent of £30 a year. The building was begun in 1722, and the hospital admitted "its first patient in 1725, a few davs ;ifter the death of its fovinder, who bequeathed £219,499 to endow it. In 1829 a Mr. Hunt bequeathed to the hospital £190,000. and additional bequests have since been received. The luimber of beds has been increased from 400 to 700. The yearly average of patients is over 5000; the "out-patients "relieved may number 50,000. The annual income is about £40,000. A library and valuable museum are attached to the hospital. New wards were built in 1852, and a chemical laboratory in 1872. Additional labora- tories were added in 1893. Students enter the hospital for study, attending chemical practice, lectures, etc., and paying annual fees. Fifty students besides the house staff' are lodged in the residential building. In the chapel is a fine marble statue of Guy, by Bacon. Sir Astley Cooper, the eminent surgeon, is buried in the chapel. Consult Wilks and Bellamy's History of Guy's Hospital (London. 1893). GUYTON DE MORVEAU, gc'toN' de mor'- v6', Loris Berxard, Baron 11737-1816). A French chemist, born at Dijon. He was for a time de])uty attorney -general in the parliament of his native city, but devoted most of his time to the study of the physical sciences, and published a number of interesting original researches. In 1782 he undertook to reform the system of chemical nomenclature. Soon Lavoisier, Berthol- let, and others joined him in this important work, and in 1787 they published their Mcthode d'une nomenclature chimique. which was unani- mously adopted by the scientific world. Guyton wrote a "Dictionary of (^hemistry" for the Ency- cloin'die mcthodique. He was professor of chem- istry at the Eeole Polytechnique. and one of the
